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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Families are sight of what |
Safe haven, patriarchy, violence/abuse |
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How are families defined |
Family: it was understood and defined in legal, social and political times, it was tied through blood or legal ties. The definition of family that you are blood related or legally tied is how spouses are connected to each other (marriage legally bounding contract), so you become families through that legal contract and become families of their families, it also binds adopted children to their parents |
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What are the different forms of family violence |
Physical, economic, financial, verbal, emotional, neglect, sexual, psychological |
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What kind of social violence does family mirrors |
Neoliberalism and capitalism, neoliberalism bring individualism, patriarchyFamily has violence because it is reflecting capitalist and neoliberal ideasFundamental beliefs |
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WHat ideology blames individuals for social inequality |
Neoliberalism, meritocracy, individualism |
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What is the separation of public and private spehere |
Private sphere: women domestic labor, nannies, cleaning, paid less, etc. Public sphere: men’s work |
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What is the private sphere |
Private sphere: women domestic labor, nannies, cleaning, paid less, etc.After the separation, the private sphere became a private realm (seen as things that became private to the family, which is why the police does not take things seriously because they don’t see it as their jurisdiction)Your house, police does not gets involved |
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What is the social construction of femininity? |
Women known to be caregivers, nurtures, getting paid less, meant to be good wives, and mothers. .Mothers were figures of morality and purity.Middle class women were not allowed to work Working class women still had to do work, who were married with kids could not work because you could only work if you were single |
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Prior to the 19th century, what was the purpose of marriage? |
For economic and financial, resources needsGirls sent to school so they can find someone with the same status |
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Since the 19th century, what is the purpose of marriage? |
With the emergence of lover marriages in the 1950s you also see women meeting the emotional needs as well as physical needs women’s labor required it to be recognized, emotional needs comes with the need of romantic love marriages, the freedom to choose your partner ⦁ choices of love marriages are not really choices, they are choices within our resources and class ⦁ middle class women had not opportunities for employment, economically or to get divorced⦁ Legitimate families, to have kids, to also see if the girl is a virgin |
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What is the mainstream notion of the family? |
⦁ Family is a safe haven (nuclear family, patriarchal,heterosexual) |
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How does liberal ideology explain victims who stay in abusive relationships? |
⦁ Not a source of violence but argue that fighting for violence against women meant allowing women better access to resources, job to support themselves. They will be able to leave their husband.⦁ Good paying job. |
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13. What is patriarchy? |
⦁ system of male domination, power and privilege⦁ long history of capitalism, the exploitation of women has always existed in patriarchy⦁ grants men authority for women as their property and to do whatever they wanted |
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How does the media portray family violence? |
⦁ reproduces heteronormative, hegemonic notions of femininity⦁ choose what to report, pick and choose cases that are sensationalized because in a patriarchal society it is normal for men to abuse women⦁ individualize and pathologist the people the media talks about |
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Prior to the person case, women did not have the right to do what? |
⦁ Didn’t have the right to divorced b/c didn’t have access to jobs, couldn’t afford⦁ What does it mean to be a person legally: Legally hold property under their name, if you were ill the doctor spoke to the husband and he decided if treatment was needed or not and prior to husband the father had ownership, throwback to the Victorian era in which the woman was under her husband’s name, no access or control to financial resources ⦁ The married women’s property act in the 1840s, the purpose of this act was that women should be paid wages for themselves for their own paid labor, right to vote |
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2. What has historically facilitated male violence against women? |
⦁ patriarchy |
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Until the mid-19th century, how was male violence against women viewed? |
Viewed as their husbands property. So no big deal they weren’t considered persons. |
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Temperance movement supporters argued what about family violence? |
⦁ After the suffragette movement many women went to join the temperance movement⦁ Temperance means anti-alcohol ⦁ Many women together with the protestant church ran the temperance movement and this was aimed towards immigrants Europeans, Duchess, etc.) and minority groups because it was thought they were alcoholic, reason being that it was really dangerous to drink water because water was not pure which is why people drank alcohol which seemed much safer. ⦁ Fight against social illness was also to take on alcohol, they thought alcohol cause male violence against women, |
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Until the 1970s, why was it almost impossible for women to leave an abusive relationship? |
⦁ Financial abuse⦁ Completely dependent on their husbands in every way⦁ Nowhere to go, no safe space⦁ Fear for the life of their children⦁ Most endangered after they left |
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Prior to 1983, what did men have the legal right to do? |
⦁ Rape (it wasn’t considered rape but the husband’s right on the wife because they signed the marriage contract) |
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Why is marital rape difficult to prove in court? |
You signed a marriage contract that allowed signed consent.⦁ 2. The law asks what would a rational man do?⦁ 3. Also you are not chaste or a virgin.⦁ 4. You’ve already had sex with that person. |
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Social psychological theory |
⦁ looks at case by case concept⦁ focus on why do some men abuse (both theories ask this question)⦁ they say not all men abuse, it is only some men that abuse (Criticism)⦁ they are not looking at patriarchy, don’t believe that it exist (criticism)⦁ focus on men as being individuals ⦁ reason why they can ask this question is because the only form of abuse that they recognize is physical⦁ this is why these mainstream theories start and end with stats and that is why they are only looking at physical manifestation are looking at physical abuse (Criticism) ⦁ Don’t address issue of patriarchy (Patriarchy) ⦁ Only looking at physical violence and its manifestations (criticism) ⦁ Problem- women also grew up being abused and in abusive households |
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Social learning theory |
⦁ Not addressing that women also grew up in an abusive household, not addressing how is male violence allowed⦁ How is male violence normal?⦁ Also not looking at other types of abuse ⦁ Submissiveness is imposed on women. Women are punished if they show leadership qualities. How is male violence allowable? ⦁ A lot of people grow up in abusive families and don’t become abusive (don’t look at this)(Criticism ⦁ Reinforces the idea that only some men abuse ⦁ Lots of people grow up in abusive families and don’t become an abuser. Patriarchal society facilitates for all men to abuse in every area of their life.⦁ A |
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Male peer support theory |
⦁ Walter Dekeseredy – hate feminist⦁ Canadian –⦁ Began with stats and ask why do some men abuse. To find out. He interviewed men in prison and found that they share 4 commonalities (all needed)⦁ Looking at physical violence only ⦁ Traditional patriarchal family structure. Father head of household. Using patriarchy as a way that men was the absolute power in the house thus everyone was expected to be obedient. Expect to have that in their own family. Approach dating the same way. ⦁ All boys club. Male dominated job thus few interacting with women since they were not welcome. Play in all boy’s sport team. ⦁ Alcohol – allowed men to talk about things that they actually want to do. ⦁ *****Absence of deterrence**** - nobody at the table told them that they should not do it |
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Sex role theory |
⦁ Not feminist – looks at gender role – social construction of masculinity and femininity ⦁ Men are social constructed within the trait of masculinity. Expect to embrace unemotional (men can be angry but not sad), competition,⦁ Anger is extremely powerful⦁ Femininity means that women are expected to be docile, sad but not angry since women would be challenging patriarchy. Criticism: It does NOT mention patriarchy. It does not name the source. It constructs masculinity and femininity which reinforces patriarchy. |
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Subculture theory |
⦁ Known as the patriarchal⦁ Male violence as a subculture; how show up? Men who get reported?⦁ Poor working class, ethnic, racial minorities and immigrant.⦁ male violence specific for those men⦁ they must be the only – about the bad culture values of poor and working class⦁ they shown up because families who have access to resources deal with things in private thus no involvement or policing from social worker/police.⦁ Doesn’t not look at the other form of violence. Criticism: Only focusses on Poor working class, ethnic, racial minorities and immigrants. It ignores that violence takes place in upper-class families. |
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Liberal feminism |
⦁ mid 60’s⦁ Betty – give birth of basis of liberal⦁ Some white were able to gain upward mobility. Sent son and daughter to university (upper middle class)⦁ About meritocracy – liberal ideology ⦁ Fitting for themselves – Glass ceiling (social and liberal issue)⦁ Legal to discriminate against women; educational reform – encourage women to pursue male dominated curriculum or jobs.⦁ Re-Socialization – late 60’s; fought for an executive job, domestic work – Do it all like a superwoman Criticism: Only looks at white middle-class women, does NOT challenge patriarchy, women should do everything (Superwoman), maintains traditional role of women in the household. |
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Radical feminism |
⦁ ONLY one looking at violence⦁ Major focus on male violence against women⦁ Fought for abortion law, women shelters,⦁ Saw that patriarchy was the source of male violence; system a male domination, power and privilege. ⦁ Saw all sex with men as rape |
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Socialist feminism |
⦁ Not interested in Family violence⦁ Focus on gender division of labour at home and translated to pay work; to issues related.⦁ Source of oppression was patriarchy; system of male domination, power and privileged ⦁ Not looking at individual but a system⦁ Capitalist couldn’t survive without patriarchy; industrialization led to the exploitation of women thought hre separation of private (women) men public. Criticism: Not looking at violence ⦁ Family violence – women lack of economic power in society; |
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What does Michael Kaufman argue about male violence against women? |
The triad of male violence |
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The triad of male violence |
Individual reproduction of male dominationpatriarchal society male has greater access to resources than women.Social construction of masculinity within patriarchy, requires man to embrace the trait of masculinity and reject all trait that are passivity. Enforcement of masculinityNot singular; different version that are social construction that is based in race class religion, culture, national. All man required to reinforce masculinityWorking class men then to focus on physical ability The Fragility of masculinityMen need to reproduce their male domination. Required to reinforce masculinity and constantly face with losing masculinityBecause if not you might lose it.How do you do it?Male violence is a product of it. Reproduce male domination.Criticism: Men are just victims of masculinity and they reproduce male domination. It’s from a male gaze. |
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Why do Women Stay |
Social psychological theory⦁ Learned helpless because you are passive; used to blame womenWomen mentally ill⦁ not looking at the reality that the women will not have a place to stay etc.
2. Sex role socialization⦁ Sex role socializationGender socialization keep you in the relationship because you are passive and submissive -⦁ Economic equality between men and womenLack the resource to be able to leave⦁ Problems: not looking at patriarchy; how do you lack access to resources 3. Feminist theory⦁ Women are not irrational; they decide if they are better off staying or leaving.Can we get out without being kills; where will we goOther things to take into consideration; not all women share the same social relation. Race, class, etc – shape difficulties to be able to have access to resources. |
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Holy Johnson’s article on battered women’s affect: at what point do women kill their male abuser |
When the children’s lives are in danger. |
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Why was battered women defence an important legal precedent |
⦁ It allowed for woen to be charged with manslaughter and not first-degree murder |
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5. Why was battered women defence an important legal precedent |
⦁ It allowed for woen to be charged with manslaughter and not first-degree murder. |
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Violence in Aboriginal families |
What did pre-colonial aboriginals look like?⦁ Foraging economic organization⦁ Didn’t grow anything;⦁ Relied on mother nature; worship mother nature; respect for nature-human- all things connected.⦁ Nomadic society – move by season to season⦁ Extended family – blood or legal tied⦁ Practice contraception – not too many kinds⦁ Infanticide – keep the numbers down.⦁ Christian were about many kids⦁ KIN ordered– extended family; political arrangement of your society based on clan –⦁ Elders men and women – made political decision – strategies for the community⦁ Female elder had more power than the male. |
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how were they structured? (pre-colonial) |
⦁ Matriarchal: Female headed;⦁ Matrilineal⦁ Always seen as being part of the mother clan not father; no guarantee who the father is.⦁ No expectation of monogamy for both⦁ Matrilocal⦁ Groom came to live with bride family community – everyone in community was extended family.⦁ Did not practice violence; elder were highly respected; community couldn’t survive without them – kids not abuse since they will be the adult of community⦁ Violence on others were notion – everything connected |
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3. what kind of power did women have? (pre-colonial) |
⦁ Economic, political, social,⦁ Economic right⦁ Simple division of labor – 2 large kind of labour people can be associated⦁ Men – Hunt 35%; couldn’t afford to lose more women in childbirth; very dangerous; not as successful |
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how was everybody in the community regarded? (pre-colonial) |
⦁ Did not practice violence; elder were highly respected; community couldn’t survive without them – kids not abuse since they will be the adult of community⦁ Violence on others were notion – everything connected |
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5. What did missionaries do when they arrived? |
⦁ Saw their job as needing to convert indigenous to Christianity – civilized them⦁ Impose Christianity in order to save their soul. |
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6. How did European colonisers disempower women? |
Indigenous men enjoy this idea of patriarchy; European only talk to men and not women based on their own patriarchal societyMen convert to Christianity in order to get power. And the protestant under the British.Encouraged to force wife to convert who didn’t want too lose their power and refuse. Women subject to many abuse (confinement, withheld food) |
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How did aboriginal women respond? |
(fight back and run away, sabotage men work)Meant to impose patriarchy and patrilineal. Indian Act was intended to establishlegal categories for who was a status Indian. Industrialization and |
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What was the purpose of the legal categories status and non-status? |
⦁ Act was needed because now you wanted the land and didn’t want to obey by the treaties⦁ Status Indian were the only one who can claim land. |
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. How did residential school introduce violence into aboriginal societies? |
⦁ Purpose Public school needed to beat the value out of immigrant and turn them to good workers. Not meant to send them to university. ⦁ Violence used to erase culture of aboriginal |
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. What was the 60s scoop? |
⦁ Jean Chretien grandchild– in charge of Indian affairsState took to court to make all indigenous population mentally incompetent.Meant that children where legally awarded to the stateCan't hold property on name, make financial decision, medical decisionsReason: AlcoholicForcible sterilization – medical decision for aboriginalRole of social workers was to take kids away from parents – place in white foster home.⦁ All about economic power |
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And why do aboriginal women stay in abusive relationships? |
⦁ Belief that they would survive without the family or nobody will believe them⦁ there is intense pressure for indig. Women to stay in abusive relationships⦁ pressure from community leaders, band leaders, intimidation, and they also believe they will not be able to survive without the family ⦁ a lot of them are products of the 60s scoop because this is their lived experience |
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Systems Theory |
Family is a system of inter-related partsFamily as a system is shaped by external issuesConflict and stress imposed on the familyThings that come from social institutions ( school, unemployment, work, gender etc.) Only looking at physical violence and people who get reportedWhat’s not being looked atMiddle class and Upper class families don’t mostly do it physical but everything else is abuse financially, mentally, emotionallyCan afford privacies |
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Power and Control THoery |
ArguesMale violence against women needs to be seen in the society where male violence and male patriarchy is recognize over womenIn the way that men behave on a day to day basisAbuse it looked at being normal behaviourHave the power to say what they want and how they wantMale Violence all types As a strategy for male control |
