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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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define place |
-has a location -has specific characteristics -has a name -visible/invisible boundaries -places are unique |
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define movement |
-people, products, information -systems: patterns of routes that connect places together -flow: the volume of people, products and info, that move in a system |
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define environment |
-landfroms: physical space on the earths surface (volcano, mountain) -water: fresh,salt water on the earths surface -soils: different soil materials on earth -natural vegetation: variety of plant life on earth |
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define interacation |
-dependency: humans depend/rely on the environment -adaptation:humans adapt to the environment where they live -modification:humans modify/change the environment with their actions |
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define regions |
Part of the earth with similar characteristics throughout it. (e.g.physical,human,functional, Eco zone, formal,urban,natural vegetation, and watershed regions.) |
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5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY |
*goal: to memorize all of the definitions* |
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LOCATIONS, LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE
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*memorize* |
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define absolute and relative location |
absolute location- location of a place independent of any other place relative location- locations/landmarks that are near your location |
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define latitude longitude and four hemisphere |
latitude- lines running parallel to the equator longitude- lines stretching between the north pole and the south pole four hemisphere- divides the worlds in 2 halves |
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5 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS |
memorize |
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natural vegetation |
-used for food, to build structures and other -pollution and oil spills often threaten habitats -5 environmental factors shape the survival of plants and animal species -herbivores eat plants, so carnivores hide plants from their prey |
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climate |
- a long term average of the weather conditions at a particular place global temp. range form tropical heat to polar cold -moisture varies from humid rain forest to dry desert -natural disasters -living things have developed natural adaption to wide ranges of conditions |
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soils |
-mixture of worn rock particles and decayed organic material -humans settle in places with the richest soil -species use soil to adapt to their environment |
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water |
-3 quarters of earth is covered with water -fixed amount of water on earth and in the atmosphere above -most species need fresh water to survive -humans need to drink at least 2 litres of water everyday |
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landforms |
-when earths surface is crumples up, some places are worn away (e.g. volcanoes, earthquakes) -living things survive in every diverse land form region -mountain buildings have raised land from beneath the ocean |
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THE 4 SPHERES |
*MEMORIZE* |
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the atmosphere |
-made up of gasses mainly nitrogen (76%), oxygen (23%), carbon dioxide (0.5%) and other gasses -has 4 layers : ionosphere, stratosphere, troposphere, and the lower atmosphere -shields us from direct rays from the sun -supplies water for land |
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the hydrosphere |
-includes all eater on the earths surface -earths surface is 70% water and about 30% land -pacific takes up almost half of earths surface |
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the lithosphere |
-crust of the earth -least dense layer of earth -about 5 km-50 km thick ,sitting on top of the mantle |
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the biosphere |
-parts of earth where animals live -includes the lower layers of the atmosphere, first few meters of the lithosphere, and all of the hydrosphere |
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COD FISHES |
*memorize* |
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questions |
The disappearance of cod fish: over fishing,other countries fished in the Newfoundland cod fishery area. -needed time to recover -fisher took almost all the fish -government closed the Newfoundland cod fishery |
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REGIONS
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*MEMORIZE* |
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FormalRegions
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region that has one characteristic that is common throughout the whole place.
Canbe identified by any of the following ways: -Naturalvegetation -Climate -Water -Landforms -Soils -Politicalboundaries (provinces, countries, cities) |
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FunctionalRegions
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-Aregion defined by its use
-Consistsof a center, and all the areas around it that depend on that center -Example:a city or town |
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PhysicalRegions
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-Areas defined by their physical characteristics
-E.g. a mountain region, a desert region, a watershed region |
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WatershedRegion
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-An area of land containing a set of streams and rivers thatall drain into one larger body of water
-E.g. The Humber River watershed – many streams across the GTAflow into the Humber river, which then flows into Lake Ontario |
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Natural Vegetation Regions |
- has similar natural vegetation throughout -Often has a similar climate,soil type as well -Example: in Canada’s norther forests there are mainly coniferous trees which survive colder temperatures. In the southern forest we have deciduous trees and warm weather plants. In the transition zones in between we find both plant and tree types |
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EcozoneRegions |
- An area characterized by a single ecozone, which is acombination of many natural features and human activities -Ecozone regions are determined based on landforms,vegetation, water, soil, climate |
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UrbanRegions
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-A region where a lot of people are clustered together in anarea (over 1000 people)
- 4/5 Canadians live in urban regions - More and more people are moving from rural (farm) areas tourban areas because there are more jobs, resources, opportunities in theseareas. |
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CONTAINER FREIGHT SYSTEM |
*memorize* |
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benefits |
-size: can hold a lot of product -versatile: can be shipped on any truck,train etc. -security: containers remain locked and products are safe -tracking: Computers track movement time: Cargo is delivered faster this way -cost: Less people= less people to pay= less cost |
