Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How many bones are in the body?
|
206
|
|
|
How many bones are found in infants?
|
260
|
|
|
What bones fuse to make up the coxal bone?
|
Illium, Ischium, Pubis
|
|
|
What are the 3 functions of bones?
|
1. Protection
2. Storage 3. Hemopoiesis (producing blood) |
|
|
What are four functions of calcium?
|
1. Bones and Teeth
2. Blood Clotting 3. Nerve Impulse Conduction 4. Muscle Contractions |
|
|
How is calcium lost from the body?
|
Urine
|
|
|
What do Bones store?
|
Calcium, Phosphorous, Yellow Bone Marrow
|
|
|
What is yellow bone marrow consisted of?
|
Fat
|
|
|
How much do we urinate/day?
|
1-2 liters
|
|
|
What is an epiphysis?
|
The end of a long bone
|
|
|
What kind of cartilage is found on the epyphysis?
|
Hyaline (Articular Cartilage)
|
|
|
What fills the spaces in spongy bone tissue?
|
Bone Marrow
|
|
|
What is the purpose of red marrow?
|
Producing red blood cells
|
|
|
What is the periosteum?
|
Outside of a bone (Connective Tissure Membrane)
|
|
|
Where is compact bone found?
|
Under the periosteum (outside connective tissue membrane)
|
|
|
Does the compact bone have vascularity?
|
Yes
|
|
|
Where is the medullary cavity of a bone and what's in it?
|
Inside of the bone, Yellow marrow
|
|
|
What are two results of osteoporosis?
|
1. Kyphosis
2. Fractures |
|
|
Until what age does your body continue to produce bone?
|
35
|
|
|
Four characteristics or muscles?
|
1. Contractile
2. Extensible 3. Elastic (meat keeps its shape) 4. Exciteable |
|
|
A bone can grow in only one way from age 18-35. What way is this?
|
Density
|
|
|
Bone building cells
|
Osteoblasts
|
|
|
Demineralizing cells, sends Ca++ to blood
|
Osteoclasts
|
|
|
Which 4 hormones stimulate osteoblasts?
|
Testosterone, Estrogen, GH, Calcitonin
|
|
|
What stimulates osteoclasts?
|
Low Ca++ in blood, parathyroid bormone (PTH)
|
|
|
What are cartilageous areas on fetal skulls?
|
Fontanels
|
|
|
When are fontanels ossified? (age)
|
1 year
|
|
|
What is the difference between a simple and compound fracture?
|
Compound breaks through the skin
|
|
|
What are the 3 kinds of joints?
|
Fibrous, Cartilagenous, Synovial
|
|
|
Describe a fibrous joint and give a location of one.
|
Immovable, dense C.T... Sutural joints (in head) and Syndesmosis joints (interosseous membrane ex. tibia and fibula)
|
|
|
What are cartilagenous joints made up of?
|
Hyaline or fibrocartilage
|
|
|
Describe how movable a cartilagenous joint is and give two examples in the body.
|
Slightly movable.
Intervertebral joints, pubic symphysis |
|
|
What are the two layers of a joint capsule?
|
Stratum Fibrosum (outer), Synovial membrane (inner)
|
|
|
What is a meniscus made up of?
|
Fibrocartilage
|
|
|
Difference between tendons and ligaments?
|
Tendons = Muscle to bone
Ligaments = Bone to Bone |
|
|
What are bursa?
|
Sacs of synovial fluid
|
|
|
What is a meniscal tear?
|
Chunk of cartilage breaks off... may get stuck and cause joint to freeze
|
|
|
What is the cause of a contracture?
|
Muscle runs out of ATP which pumps out calcium
|
|
|
Muscles: Identify actin and myosin
|
----- -------
----------- ----- ------- Middle: Myosin Others: Actin |
|
|
What are myofibrils?
|
All of the fibers running through a muscle cell.
|
|
|
What is the structure of muscles?
|
1. Whole muscle
2. Fasicle (bundles of muscle fibers) 3. Muscle fibers (cells) 4. Myofibrils (fibers inside cell) |
|
|
What is the epimysium?
|
Connective tissue around outside of whole muscle
|
|
|
What is the perimysium?
|
Connective tissue around a fasicle
|
|
|
What is the endomysium?
|
Connective tissue lining each muscle cell
|
|
|
What fills a synaptic cleft?
|
Glycoproteins, collogen fibers
|
|
|
Generally how a nerve stimulates a muscle?
|
1. Action Potential opens Ca++ channel in axon
2. Ca++ in axon stimulates synaptic vessicles w/ ATP to be release to synaptic vessicle 3. Binding ATP opens Na+/K+ channel in myofibril 4. Na+ goes in, K+ goes out |
