5-Development Of Head And Neck

Front 1

Motor innervation of muscles derviced from the branchial arches, related to origin from the nucleus ambigous in the CNS are ___.

Back 1

SVE or Branchial Visceral Efferent

Front 2

Motor innervation of muscles derived from somites are ___.

Back 2

GSE

Front 3

Fibers which carry taste info from the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue are ___.

Back 3

SVA

Front 4

Fibers which carry general sensory info ie from the surface of the head are ___.

Back 4

GSA

Front 5

What is the extreme cranial end of the foregut known as?

Back 5

pharangeal gut or pharynx

Front 6

In early development what is the pharynx in direct contact with?

Back 6

the ectoderm at the floor of the stomodeum

Front 7

What does the contact of the ectoderm with the endoderm of the foregut form?

Back 7

oro/buccopharyngeal membrane

Front 8

When does the buccopharyngeal membrane break down? What does this allow to connect?

Back 8

4th week of development
primitive oral cavity w/ foregut

Front 9

What are pharyngeal pouches? When do they form?

Back 9

outpocketings from the endoderm of the pharynx
4th or 5th week

Front 10

What forms simultaneously with the pouches?

Back 10

pharyngeal grooves (clefts)

Front 11

What are pharyngeal puches derived from? grooves?

Back 11

pounches-endoderm
grooves-ectoderm

Front 12

Do the clefts and puches communicate in humans?

Back 12

no, they approach each other, but they do not communicate as they do in fish where gills are formed

Front 13

What separates the cleft from the pouch in human embryos?

Back 13

pharyngeal membrane

Front 14

The formation of clefts and grooves divides what?

Back 14

the mesenchyme on each side of embryo into six vertical bars called pharyngeal arches

Front 15

In humans, which arch degenerates?

Back 15

5

Front 16

What does each arch contain?

Back 16

artery
cartilaginous bar
muscle
cranial nerve

Front 17

Blood vessels of the head and neck are derived primarily from which aortic arch?

Back 17

3, but also 4 and 6

Front 18

Mesenchyme of each arch is derived from what?

Back 18

neural crest and lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm

Front 19

The neural crest derived mesencyme forms the cartilage of each arch and will be responsible for what else?

Back 19

formation of the skeletal structures of the head and neck

Front 20

Mesenchyme derived from the lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm is responsible for formation of what?

Back 20

musculature of the face and neck as well as the dermis of the skin

Front 21

The musculature of the arches arises from ____.

Back 21

somitomeres

Front 22

Which nerve supplies the first arch?

Back 22

mandibular division of the fifth CN, some additional supply through the chorda tympani (a branch of VII)

Front 23

Which neve supplies the second arch?

Back 23

CN VII

Front 24

Which nerve supplies the muscles of the third arch?

Back 24

CN IX

Front 25

Which CN supply arches 4-6?

Back 25

CN X and XI

Front 26

The fourth arch is innervated by what?

Back 26

superior laryngeal branch of the vagus

Front 27

The 6th arch is innervated by what?

Back 27

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Front 28

The nerves which innervate the branchial arch musculature carry SVE fibers to the ____.

Back 28

nucleus ambiguos

Front 29

What two processes are formed from the mesenchyme in the first pharyngeal arch?

Back 29

a short maxillary process and a long mandibular process

Front 30

The maxillary process expands _____ into the region below the eye.

Back 30

forward (anteriorly and medially)

Front 31

The cartilage of the maxillary process retrogresses with the maxilla, zygoma, palatine, and squamous portion of the temporal bone forming _____.

Back 31

intramembranously

Front 32

The mandibular process of the 1st pharyngeal arch is transformed into ____.

Back 32

Meckel's Cartilage

Front 33

All put two fragments of the mandibular process retrogress except which two fragments?

Back 33

malleus and incus

Front 34

The perichondrium of the Meckel's cartilage condenses to form what?

Back 34

anteior ligament of the malleus and sphenomandibular ligament

Front 35

The mandible forms ____.

Back 35

intramembranously

Front 36

What does the musculature of the 1st arch consist of?

Back 36

muscles of mastication, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani

Front 37

What nerve innervates the first arch?

Back 37

mandibular branch of V

Front 38

In the second pharyngeal arch, the cartilaginous bar formed is known as what?

Back 38

Reichert's Cartilage

Front 39

What does the dorsal part of the 2nd pharyngeal arch form?

Back 39

stapes, styloid process of the temporal bone

Front 40

What does the intermediate portion of cartilage of the 2nd pharyngeal arch form?

Back 40

stylohyoid ligament and ventral part of the lesser cornu and the superior part of the body of the hyoid bone

Front 41

Name the muscles of the second arch.

Back 41

stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric, muscles of facial expression (including buccinator), the auricular muscles, the occipitofrontalis, and the platysma