5. Congenital Defects

Front 1

subfertility

Back 1

couples having difficulty conceiving because both partners have reduced fertility

Front 2

endometrial biopsy

Back 2

provides information about the effects of progesterone produced by the corpus luteum after ovulation and endometrial receptivity.

Front 3

transvaginal ultrasounds

Back 3

method used for follicular monitoring for women undergoing ovulation induction cycles, for timing for insemination and intercourse.

Front 4

spinnbarkheit

Back 4

mucus elasticity.

Front 5

capacity

Back 5

caused by decreased levels of salt and water interacting with the glycoproteins in the mucus during the ovulatory period and is this an indirect indication of estrogen production.

Front 6

laparoscopy

Back 6

direct visualization of the pelvic organs.

Front 7

sonohysterography

Back 7

involving transvaginal ultrasound during or after the introduction of sterile saline, defines the uterine cavity contour and readily demonstrates even small intrauterine lesions.

Front 8

semen analysis

Back 8

provides information about sperm motility and morphology as well as determination of the absolute number of spermatozoa present.

Front 9

Parlodel

Back 9

medication which acts directly on the prolactin secreting cells in the anterior pituitary.

Front 10

large for gestational age

Back 10

a newborn whose weight is at or above the 90th percentile on the intrauterine growth curve (at any week gestation).

Front 11

hypoglycemia

Back 11

defined as a blood sugar less than 40mg/dL

Front 12

postterm newborn

Back 12

ay newborn born after 42 weeks’ gestation

Front 13

preterm infant

Back 13

an infant born before the completion of 37 weeks’ gestation.

Front 14

gavage feeding

Back 14

method used with preterm infants (less than 34 weeks’ gestation) who lack or have poorly coordinated suck

Hint 14

swallow

Front 15

transpyloric feeding

Back 15

method of feeding which the stomach is bypassed

Front 16

ductus arteriosus

Back 16

large vessel that is a conduit between the left pulmonary artery and the descending aorta.

Front 17

apnea

Back 17

cessation of breathing for 20 seconds or longer for less than 20 seconds when associated with cyanosis, pallor and bradycardia.

Front 18

fetal alcohol syndrome

Back 18

leading cause of mental retardation that is potentially preventable, includes a series of malformations frequently found in infants exposed to alcohol in utero.

Front 19

intrauterine asphyxia

Back 19

a driect result of fetal withdrawal secondary to maternal withdrawal.

Front 20

secondary fertility

Back 20

applied to couples who have been unable to conceive after one or more successful pregnancies.

Front 21

Danazol

Back 21

may be given to suppress ovulation and menstruation and to effect atrophy of the ectopic endometrial tissue

Front 22

GnRh

Back 22

therapeutic tools for inducing ovulation but its use is limited to women who have insufficient endogenuous release of GnRh.

Front 23

therapeutic insemination

Back 23

involves depositing sperm at the cervical os or in the uterus by mechanical means

Front 24

gamete intrafallopian transfer

Back 24

involves the retrieval of oocytes by laparoscopy; immediate placement of the oocytes in a catheter with washed, motile sperm, and placement of the gametes into the fimbriated end of the fallopian tube.

Front 25

assisted embryo hatching

Back 25

another micromanipulation procedure as another adjunct therapy for IVF.

Front 26

embryo donation

Back 26

another option for assisted reproductive technology and couples donated their cryopreserved embryos to other couples.

Front 27

autosomes

Back 27

nonsex chromosomes

Front 28

karyotype

Back 28

a pictorial analysis of an individual’s chromosomes.

Front 29

monosomies

Back 29

occur when a normal gamete unites with a gamete that is missing a chromosome.

Front 30

mosaicism

Back 30

occurs after fertilization and results in an individual with two different cell lines, each having a different chromosomal number.

Front 31

neonatal mortality risk

Back 31

the chance of death within the neonatal period, the first 28 days of life.

Front 32

neonatal morbidity rare

Back 32

anticipation based on birth weight and gestational age.

Front 33

intrauterine growth restriction

Back 33

which describes the pregnancy circumstances of advanced gestational and limited fetal growth

Front 34

aspiration syndrome

Back 34

hypoxia which can lead to relaxation of the anal sphincter and passage of meconium and results in the meconium in utero or with the first breaths after birth.

Front 35

polycythemia

Back 35

an increase in the number of red blood cells in the SGA newborn.

Front 36

asymmetric IUGR

Back 36

associated with an acute compromise of uteroplacental blood flow,

Front 37

symmetric IUGR

Back 37

caused by long term maternal conditions such as chronic hypertension, severe malnutrition, chronic intrauterine infection or fetal genetic abnormalities.

Front 38

congenital malformations

Back 38

malformation as a result of impaired miotic activity and cellular hypoplasia.

Front 39

intrauterine infection

Back 39

fetuses exposed to intrauterine infections such as rubella and cytomegalovirus are affected by direct invasion of the brain or other vital organs by the offending virus.

Front 40

cognitive difficulties

Back 40

newborns who exhibit subsequent learning difficulties which are characterized by hyperactivity, short attention span, and poor fine motor coordination.