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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 Alkene reactions
(Addition) |
Hydrohalogenation
Hydration Halogenation Hydroxylation (oxidation) Hydrogenation (reduction) |
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Anti addition ( alkenes)
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Halogenation
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Syn additon ( alkenes)
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Hydroxylation (oxidation)
Hydrogenation (reduction) |
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Oxonium Ion
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Hydration (H3O)+
- acid catalysed (H+) |
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Halonium Ion
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Halogenation (Anti)
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CO2 ---> CH4 (oxidation number?)
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Carbon Reduced +2 to -4
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Nucleophilic
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Excess of electrons
Wants to give |
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Electrophilic
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Electron deprived (loss of e)
wants to share |
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Alkene additon reaction
rate of reaction determined by? |
Carbocation stability
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Carbocation stablity why?
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Correct predition of product (% yield)
Rate of reaction per product |
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Rate determining step (alkene addition rxtn)
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1st step (electrophilic attack)
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outcome of Alkene addition reaction
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if asymmetrical alkenes then possible regioisomers
product stereoselective |
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Stability of Alkene rxtn determined by
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Resonance and Induction
- resonance outweights induction -SP3 and lone pairs ideal |
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Halogens stabilize
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negative charge (not positive)
note* carbocation is positive, not a good selection |
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Regioisomers - what kind of isomers
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constitutional/structural
* same formula different structure |
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addition of polar AB to pi bond by common sequence of steps (reaction mechanisms)
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Electrophilic addition reaction
-electrophilic= determines rxtn rate -nucleophilic attacks stable carbocation |
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Thermodynamics of
Electrophilic (1st step) Nucleophilic |
Endothermic (2 bonds broken 1 made)
Exothermic (2nd step) fast! |
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Carbocation stablility....what rule?
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Markovinov's Rule
carbocation stability (thermodynamically) |
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In Alkenes, the reactive group is
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Double bonds (pi bonds)
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Addition over metal (alkenes)
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Hydration (reduction) H2
syn addtion |
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Oxidation of Oxonium tetraoxide (OsO4)
Oxidtion of Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) |
Hyroxylation ( oxidation rxtn)
syn addtion of "OH" to both carbons |
