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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why would a patient with short bowel syndrome be susceptible to bleeding?
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Removal of the ileum prevents bile reabsorption which subsequently decreases fat soluble vitamin absorption.
Decreased ADEK |
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Toxicity of thiazide diuretics
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Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia Hyperuricemia Hyperlipidemia Hyponatremia Hypokalemia |
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Normal dominant flora of the colon
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Bacteroidies fragilis
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Ceramide trihexoside is the accumulated substrate in which disease?
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Fabry's
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Glucerebroside is the accumulated substrate in which disease?
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Gaucher's
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Sphingomyelin is the accumulated substrate in which disease?
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Neimann-Pick
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GM2 ganglioside is the accumulated substrate in which disease?
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Tay-Sachs
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Galactocerebroside is the accumulated substrate in which disease?
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Krabbe's
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Cerebroside sulfate is the accumulated substrate in which disease?
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Metachromatic Leukodystropy
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Heparan sulfate & dermatan sulfate are the accumulated substrates in which diseases?
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Hurler's
Hunter's (X-linked) |
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Difference in Hunter's and Hurler's syndrome
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Hurler is AR while Hunter's is XR
No corneal clouding in Hunter's. |
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Solely essential ketogenic amino acids
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Leucine
Lysine |
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Solely essential gluconeogenic amino acids
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Methionine
Valine Arginine Histidine |
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Mixed ketogenic/gluconeogenic essential amino acids
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Isoleucine
Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan |
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Action of aldose reductase
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Glucose to sorbitol
Galactose to galactilol Both products are osmotically active and can result in cataracts |
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Enzyme which converts sorbitol to fructose
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Sorbitol DH
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Action of Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase
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Glucose-1-P ----> Glucose-6-P
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Characteristics of Classic Galactosemia
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Cataracts, jaundice, HSM, mental retardation
Accumulation of substrates. GALT deficiency |
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Characteristics of Galactokinase Deficiency
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Cataracts from accumulation of galactilol
Elevated galactose in blood & urine. May present as failure to track objects or develop a social smile. |
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Characteristics of Fructose Intolerance
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Aldolase B deficiency
Decrease in phosphate levels leads to inhibited glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Tx by decreased intake of fructose & sucrose. Symptoms include hypoglycemia, jaundice, cirrhosis, vomiting. |
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Characteristics of Essential Fructosuria
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Defect in Fructokinase
Elevated blood & urine levels b/c fructose doesn't eneter cell |
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Ras/MAP signaling cascade
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TK -- Ras-GTP -- Raf -- MAP-K
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MOA of Metoclopramide
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D2 receptor antagonist that increases resting tone contractility, LES tone and motility.
No effect on colon transport time. |
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Groups of patients where you shouldn't use Metoclopramide
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Small bowel obstruction
Parkinson's Disease |
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How is aminoglycoside resistance conferred?
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Plasmid encoded drug modification
Acetylated. Pseudo can decrease entry to cell |
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Symptoms of arsenic poisoning and treatment
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Stomach pain. Vomiting. Delerium. Garlic odor on breath.
Dimercaprol or penicillamine |
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Use of diphenoxylate
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An analog of meperidine that binds the mu receptor to slow motility (a normal side effect of opioids)
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Opioid used for cough suppression
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Dextromethorphan
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Opioids used for diarrhea
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Loperamide
Diphenoxylate |
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MOA of opioids
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Open K+ channels and close Ca2+ channels to decrease synaptic transmission
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What are the osmotic laxatives?
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Magnesium hydroxide
Magnesium citrate Polyethylene glycol Lactulose |
