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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA of Hydroxyurea
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Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
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Drugs which inhibits ribonucleotide reductase
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Hydroxyurea
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Drug which blocks de novo purine synthesis
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6-mercaptopurine
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Drugs which inhibits thymidylate synthesis
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5-FU
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Manifestations of Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
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Retardation
Self-mutilation Aggression Hyperuricemia Gout Choreoathetosis |
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Function of Peroxisome
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Catabolism of long fatty acids and amino acids
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Amino acids necessary for purine synthesis
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Glycine
Aspartate Glutamine |
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Amino acid sequnce at 3' end of every tRNA
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CCA
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RER in neurons is known as???
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Nissl bodies
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Responsibility of free ribosomes
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Make cytosolic and organellar proteins
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Drugs affecting micotubule?
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-Bendazoles (vs helminths)
Griseofulvin (vs fungi) Vincristine/Vinblastine (vs caner) Paclitaxel (vs breast canver) Colchicine (vs gout) |
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GFAP stain indicates which cell
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Neuroglia
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Desmin stain indicates which cell
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Muscle
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Action ouabain?
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Inhibits NaK by binding K+ site
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Stage of synthesis affected by osteogenesis imperfecta
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Glycosylation in the ER so cannot form procollagen
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Difference in elastin and collagen?
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Elastin is rich in proline and glycine which are no glycosylated
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Test used for detecting SNPs
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Microarray
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Test used to identify deletion or genetic anomaly at molecular level
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Flourescent In Situ Hybridization
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Diseases causing marfanoid body habitus and why?
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Marfan's
MEN 2B Homocystinuria Locus of heterozygosity: mutations at different loci can produce the same phenotype |
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Manifestation of Angelman's Syndrome
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Mental retardation
Seizure Ataxia Inappropriate laughter |
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Manifestation of Prader-Willi Syndrome
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Mental retardation
Hyperphagia Obesity Hypogonadism Hypotonia |
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X-linked dominant disorder
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Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Presents as Rickets w/ increase phosphate wasting at the renal tubule |
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Cysts only in the medulla of the kidney should tip you off to what disease ???
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Medullary sponge kidney
Predisposes to kidney stones |
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Cardiac manifestation of ADPKD
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MVP
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Chr of ADPKD
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16
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Chr of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis
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5 (APC gene)
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Manifestations of Osler-Weber-Rendu
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Telangiectasia
Recurrent epistaxis Skin discoloration AVMs |
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Manifestations of von Hippel-Lindau
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Bilateral renal cell carcinoma
Hemangioblastoma of retina/cerebellum/medulla |
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Pathogenesis of von Hippel-Lindau
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Deletion of VHL gene on chr 3 causes constitutive expression of HIF and activation of angiogenic growth factors
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Purpose of giving N-acetylcysteine to patients with CF
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cleaves disulfide bonds w/i mucous glycoproteins to loosen mucus plugs
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Molecular cause of CF
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Mutated protein is abnormally folded and degraded prior to reaching cell surface.
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How to diagnose muscular dystrophies
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Increased CPK
Muscle Biopsy |
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Results of pregnancy quad screen in Down Syndrome
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Decreased aFP and estriol
Increased Inhibin A and BhCG |
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Congenital microdeletion of short arm of Chr 5
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Cri-du-chat Syndrome
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Manifestations of Cri-du-chat syndrome
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Microcephaly
Mental retardation High pitched crying (cry of the cat) Epicanthel folds VSD |
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Congenital microdeletion of long arm of CHr 7
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Williams Syndrome
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Manifestations of Williams Syndrome
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Elfin facies
Mental retardation HyperCa2+ Well developed verbal skills CV probelms Friendly with strangers |
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Function of lamellar bodies of Type 2 pneumocytes
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Produce surfactant
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Major component of surfactant
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dipalmitoyl phosphatidilcholine
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Tracheal deviation in resorptive atelectasis
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Ipsilateral
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Hormones responsible for surfactant synthesis
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Cortisol and thyroxine produce
insulin inhibits |
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Equation for Respiratory compensation in metabolic acidosis
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Winters: 1.5 x HCO3- + 8 +/- 2
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Most common site of fetal hydronephrosis
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Ureteropelvic junction
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Embryologic formation of glomerulus to DCT
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Interaction of metanephric mesenchyme w/ uteric bud to induce differentiation and formation
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Structures arising from the ureteric bud
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Ureter
Renal pelvis calyces Collecting duct Canalized by wk 10 |
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Renal structure which contributes to male genitalial system
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Mesonephros
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Cause of S4 heart sound
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Ventricular hypertrophy
Atrium must push against stiff wall |
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Immune cell responsible implicated in sarcoidosis
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CD4
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MOA of Amphotericin B
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Binds ergosterol and forms membrane pores
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Major clinical use for amphotericin B
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Serious, systemic fungal infections
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Toxicity of amphotericin B
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Fever/chills
Hypotension. Arrhythmia Anemia Phlebitis Nephrotoxic (supplement K and Mg |
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Topical amphotericin B
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Nystatin
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MOA of Azoles
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Inhibits fungal sterol synthesis by inhibiting P450 enzyme
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Use of fluconazole
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Cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS b/c it crosses BBB
Candidal infection |
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Azoles for topical fungal infections
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Clotrim-
Micon- |
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Use of Ketoconazole
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Blasto
Cocciodioides Histo Candida Hypercortisolism |
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MOA of flucytosine
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Inhibits DNA syn by conversion to 5-FU by Cytosine deaminase
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Use of flucytosine
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Coadmin w/ ampho in systemic infections
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MOA of caspofungin
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inhibits cell wall syn by inhibition of beta-glucan syn
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Use of caspofungin
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Invasive candida
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MOA of terbinafine
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Inhibits fungal enzyme squalene epoxidase
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Use of Terbinafine
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Dermatophytoses
(especially onychomycosis (fungal inf under the nail) |
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Tox of terbinafine
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visual disturbances
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MOA of Griseofulvin
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Interferes w/ microtubule function.
Deposits in keratin tissue |
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Use of griseofulvin
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Dermatophytes
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MOA of chloroquine
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Blocks plasmodium heme polymerase
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Virulence factor of TB
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Cord factor
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Function of Cord Factor in TB
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Inactivate neutrophils
Damage mitochondria Induces release of TNFalpha |
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Function of sulfatides in TB
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inhibit fusion of lysome w/ phagosomes
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What does Wax D of TB do?
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Acts as an adjuvant to activate protective immune response
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What is scrofula
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Lymph node tuberculosis
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Cells in Infectious Mononucleosus
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Abnormal lymphocytes
CD8+ T cells |
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Kallman Syndrome
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Defective development of GnRH cells and olfactory placode.
Autosomal dominant Decreased GnRH FSH LH testosterone |
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Strawberry hemangioma
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Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy.
Appears in first few weeks of life. Grows and rapidly and regresses spontaneously at 5 - 8 years of age |
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Cherry hemangioma
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Benign capillary hemangioma of the elderly
Does not regress Frequency increases with age. |
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Pyogenic granuloma
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Polyploid capillary hemangioma which can ulcerate and bleed.
Assc w/ trauma and pregnancy |
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Glomus tumorq
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Benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails
Arises from modified smooth muscle cells of glomus body |
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Bacillary angiomatosis
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Benign capillary skin papules found in AIDS patients caused by Bartonella henselae
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Drugs causing disulfram-like reaction
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Metronidazole
Certain cephalosporins Procarbazine 1st gen sulfonylureas |
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Drugs causing fat redistribution
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Glucocorticoids
Protease inhibitors |
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Specific gravity of transudate
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> 1.020
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Specific gravity of exudate
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< 1.012
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Characteristics of cardiogenic shock
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Low output failure
Decreased CO Increased TPR Cold, clammy patient |
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Extrinsic pathway of apoptosis
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Express CD95 (fas)
or Lymphocytes secrete granzyme and perforin |
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Nerve implicated in cough reflex
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Internal laryngeal of CN X
Near the piriform recess |
