5/18 Geography Notes

Front 1

Earth's _____________ and ______________ are unevenly heated by solar energy at different latitudes. This is subject to _______.

Back 1

atmosphere and surface

seasonal fluctuations

Front 2

define transmission

Back 2

the passage of shortwave and long wave energy through the atmosphere

Front 3

Heat can be transferred through

Back 3

conduction

convection

advection

radiation

Front 4

conduction occurs when

Back 4

two things contact and transfer energy

Front 5

convection occurs when

Back 5

heat is transferred through fluids through air

Front 6

convection is the _______ transfer of energy. An example is ________.

Back 6

vertical

boiling water

Front 7

advection is the ________ transfer of energy. An example is ________.

Back 7

horizontal

wind

Front 8

Radiation is the transfer of energy through __________.

Back 8

a vaccum

Front 9

The atmospheric energy budget is made up of

Back 9

shortwave radiation inputs

and longwave radiation outputs

Front 10

Earth emits longer wavelengths than the ______.

Back 10

sun

Front 11

________________ is the only energy input that drives the Earth Atmosphere System

Back 11

Insolation

Front 12

Total insolation includes

Back 12

all radiation received at earth's surface - direct and indirect.

Front 13

albedo

Back 13

the reflective quality of a surface

Front 14

lighter surfaces and smooth surfaces have a __________ albedo

Back 14

higher

Front 15

darker surfaces and rough surfaces have a ___________ albedo.

Back 15

lower

Front 16

Energy can be

Back 16

reflected

absorbed

transmitted

refracted

scattered

Front 17

All matter with _______________________ emit some kind of radiation

Back 17

a temperature greater than 0 degrees Kelvin

Front 18

0 degrees Kelvin is equal to

Back 18

-273 degrees celcius

Front 19

the higher the temperature, the __________ the wavelength

Back 19

shorter

Front 20

________ minutes after the sun has set we will see it on the horizon

Back 20

4

Front 21

_________ before the sun has risen we will see it on the horizon

Back 21

4

Front 22

Seeing the sun before it is actually on the horizon or after it has actually set is the result of

Back 22

refraction

Front 23

Name the three types of scattering

Back 23

Rayleigh Scattering

Mie Scattering

Non-selective Scattering

Front 24

Rayleigh Scattering

Back 24

small particles - typically gas molecules scatter disproportionately shorter wavelengths.

For this reason the sky looks blue and red/organge in the evening

Front 25

Mie scattering

Back 25

same size particles as the wavelength being scattered

Front 26

Non-selective

Back 26

larger molecules scatter wavelengths evenly

Front 27

energy from the sun travels at ______ lengths during the day

Back 27

different

Front 28

__________ is responsable for Earth's albedo

Back 28

scattering

Front 29

the moon's albedo is _______%

Back 29

6-8%

Front 30

Fresh snow's albedo is _______%

Back 30

80-95%

Front 31

Asphalt's albedo is ______%

Back 31

5-10%

Front 32

Water bodies' albedos are ______%

Back 32

10-60%

Front 33

____________ environments receive more energy than higher latitudes

Back 33

tropical

Front 34

In july the southern hemisphere has a _______ albedo

Back 34

higher

Front 35

Earthshine is ______x brighter than moonshine.

Back 35

4x

Front 36

the diameter of earth is ____x larger than the moon's

Back 36

4x

Front 37

______% of total insolation is absorbed

Back 37

69%

45% by land and water + 24% by the atmosphere

Front 38

The earth atmosphere energy system budget naturally balances itself in a _______________.

Back 38

steady state equilibrium

Front 39

The GHG's in the atmosphere delay _______ to space and thereby warm the lower atmosphere

Back 39

escape

Front 40

Daily insolation received on earth varies with

Back 40

latitude

season

albedo of receiving surface

Front 41

in the middle and high latitudes the highest amount of insolation is received at the time of

Back 41

the summer solstice

Front 42

The warmest time of day is not when the surface receives most insolation but when

Back 42

the max long wave radiation is coming

Front 43

Earth's surface energy is expended by

Back 43

latent heat evaporation

sensible heat

ground heating and cooling

Front 44

latent heat is concentrated near the

Back 44

equator

Front 45

evaporation causes cooling due to

Back 45

absorption of latent energy

Front 46

when urban environments behave like deserts we call them

Back 46

urban heat islands