4Unit4

Front 1

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the:

Back 1

placenta

Front 2

Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their:

Back 2

memory capacities.

Front 3

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by

Back 3

Piaget's cognitive development theory. p.143

Front 4

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

Back 4

concept of conservation.

Front 5

A child's realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of:

Back 5

a theory of mind.

Front 6

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

Back 6

postconventional

Front 7

don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

Back 7

authoritarian

Front 8

Immediately after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers' and strangers':

Back 8

voices.
p.137

Front 9

Newborns habituate more rapidly to a ________ than to a ________.

Back 9

solid disk; facelike image

Front 10

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly, she had to modify her existing concept of birds. This best illustrates the process of:

Back 10

accommodation

Front 11

During Piaget's sensorimotor stage, children acquire a:

Back 11

sense of object permanence.

Front 12

Marissa resents the burden and constraints of caring for her infant daughter and frequently ignores her cries for attention. As a consequence, her daughter is most likely to display signs of:

Back 12

insecure attachment.

Front 13

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a

Back 13

conventional

Front 14

The sexual abuse of a very young child is so emotionally repulsive to most people that they immediately recognize it as shamefully immoral. This best illustrates that moral judgments may reflect:

Back 14

gut-level intuitions.

Front 15

A series of small strokes that progressively damage an elderly person's brain is most likely to produce

Back 15

dementia

Front 16

what is ZEF

Back 16

1)zygote 2)embryo 3)fetus

Front 17

At what stage is the zygote at?

Back 17

the zygote is a fertilized egg and it enters a two week period of rapid cell division and develops into and embryo

Front 18

Tell me about the embryo

Back 18

1)This is the developing human organism from about two weeks after fertilization through the second month. Attached to the uterine wall, the body organs begin to form

Front 19

What does F stand for and how old it is?

Back 19

F stands for fetus and 9 weeks have passed.

Front 20

what is it called when a baby automatically turns its head and opens its mouth after being touched on the cheek?

Back 20

When a baby is touched on the cheek and it automatically turns its head this means the baby is looking for food. This is called the rooting reflex.

Front 21

What is habituation

Back 21

This is when a baby gets bored easily with repeatedly presented visual stimulation.

Front 22

What is maturation

Back 22

some of our biological processes are genetically designed.this is a biological growth process that enables orderly changes in behavior, unifluenced by experience.

Front 23

what is a schema

Back 23

The maturing brain builds concepts. These schemes our mental molds into which we pour our experiences

Front 24

how is assimilate different from accomodation

Back 24

When we assimilate we merely interpret data into terms that we understand. Later on we adjust or accomodate our schemas to fit the particulars of a new experience

Front 25

cognition means to be aware..of what?

Back 25

Cognition are the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing and communicating.

Front 26

explain and describe the stage Piaget would put a 0-2 year old in

Back 26

Piaget would put a child that has been born(up to two years) in the sensorimotor stage. In this stage the kids see the world in terms of their own sensory impressions and motor interaction with objects. At this age kids lack object permanence.

Front 27

What is object permanence? and was piaget correct about it?

Back 27

Object permanence is the awareness of objects that not percieved since they are hidden. Piaget was wrong abt object permanence becuz even babies look in amazement where they saw a toy a moment ago.

Front 28

___________ is the stage where kids ages 2-6 or 7 perform mental operations. A child lacks the concept of conservation.

Back 28

The stage would be the preoperational stage since it comes b4 the operational stage and it involves kids 2-6 or 7 that lack conservation

Front 29

what is conservation?

Back 29

conservation is the principle that Piaget believed was a part of concrete operational reasoning. It was the principle that properties remained the same despite changes in the forms of the objects

Front 30

what is concrete knowledge

Back 30

This is knowledge involving experience

Front 31

what is the concrete operational stage?

Back 31

by age 12 reasoning expands from concrete (experience) to encompass abstract thinking (imagined realities and symbols). This is reached from 6 or 7-11 but at least by 12

Front 32

what comes after the concrete operational stage, according to Piaget?

Back 32

the formal operational stage begins at abt age 12. it is a stage of cognitive development

Front 33

critical period

Back 33

optimal period shortly after birth when an organisms exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Front 34

imprinting

Back 34

process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period in life

Front 35

insecure attachment

Back 35

mom leaves room. kid cries. kid ok. or mom leaves kid cries. mom comes. kid continues to cry

Front 36

What did Erik Erikson say about infants(infancy) and how they view the world?

Back 36

he says infants view the world with basic trust. They view the world as predictable and trustworthy. This trust is formed by appropriate experiences with reponsive caregivers. if not their paranoid

Front 37

what would Erikson say is the most important thing abt adolescence?

Back 37

Erikson would say when you are an adolescent you have to establish who you are by testing roles and then integrating them to form a single identity or they become confused abt who they are

Front 38

What would Erikson say needs to be achieved in young adulthood?

Back 38

Erikson would say that in young adulthood one must obtain intimacy. Young adults should struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love or they feel social isolated

Front 39

in what stage does sexual maturity occur?

Back 39

poberty=adolescence

Front 40

give an ex. of a secondary and a primary sex characteristic

Back 40

breast, testes

Front 41

what is the first menstrual period called?

Back 41

menarche

Front 42

who is Lawrence Kohlberg?

Back 42

he handled moral development whereas Piaget handled cognitive development.

Front 43

preconvention morality

Back 43

most kids have this. They obey to avoid punishment or to gain rewards.

Front 44

conventional morality

Back 44

by early adolescence morality moves to caring for each other and upholdings rules simply becuz they are laws. They may approve actions that gain social approval. They try to take the other's perspective

Front 45

what occurs in middle adulthoood?

Back 45

generativity vs. stagnation The middle aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually thru family and work. or they may feel a lack of purpose

Front 46

how are cross-sectional studies different from Longitudinal studies?

Back 46

Longitudinal studies restudy and retest ppl over a long period of time. Cross-sectional studies compare ppl of diff. ages

Front 47

crystallized intelligence

Back 47

one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age i.e. vocab and analogy tests...writers best work in 40s

Front 48

fluid intelligence

Back 48

one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood. scientists produce best work in 30s

Front 49

culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood and retirement

Back 49

social clock

Front 50

developmental psychologists

Back 50

they examine how we develop physically, cognitively and socially from conception to death.

Front 51

baby life

Back 51

predictable

Front 52

adult life

Back 52

unpredicable