4Th Nine Weeks Ss

Front 1

secession

Back 1

the action of withdrawing formally from membership of a federation or body, especially a political state.

Front 2

blockade

Back 2

an act or means of sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving.

Front 3

habeas corpus

Back 3

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.

Front 4

inflation

Back 4

the action of inflating something or the condition of being inflated.

Front 5

13th amendment

Back 5

Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States

Front 6

14th amendment

Back 6

an amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, defining national citizenship and forbidding the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens or other persons.

Front 7

15th amendment

Back 7

to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude."

Front 8

impeach

Back 8

call into question the integrity or validity of (a practice).

Front 9

grandfather clause

Back 9

a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation affecting their previous rights, privileges, or practices.

Front 10

Jim Crow Laws

Back 10

Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. Enacted after the Reconstruction period, these lawscontinued in force until 1965

Front 11

latitude

Back 11

the angular distance of a place north or south of the earth's equator, or of a celestial object north or south of the celestial equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

Front 12

longitude

Back 12

the angular distance of a place east or west of the meridian at Greenwich, England, or west of the standard meridian of a celestial object, usually expressed in degrees and minutes.

Front 13

protestant reformation

Back 13

The Protestant Reformation was the 16th-century religious, political, intellectual and cultural upheaval that splintered Catholic Europe, setting in place the structures and beliefs that would define the continent in the modern era

Front 14

Quaker

Back 14

a member of the Religious Society of Friends, a Christian movement founded by George Fox circa 1650 and devoted to peaceful principles. Central to the Quakers' belief is the doctrine of the “Inner Light,” or sense of Christ's direct working in the soul. This has led them to reject both formal ministry and all set forms of worship.

Front 15

cash crops

Back 15

a crop produced for its commercial value rather than for use by the grower.

Front 16

constitution

Back 16

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Front 17

Constitution

Back 17

the system of beliefs and laws by which a country, state, or organization is governed

Front 18

republic

Back 18

a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.

Front 19

depression

Back 19

a long and severe recession in an economy or market.

Front 20

federalism

Back 20

the federal principle or system of government.

Front 21

cabinet

Back 21

(in the US) a body of advisers to the president, composed of the heads of the executive departments of the government.

Front 22

capitalism

Back 22

an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

Front 23

partisan

Back 23

a member of an armed group formed to fight secretly against an occupying force, in particular one operating in enemy-occupied Yugoslavia, Italy, and parts of eastern Europe in World War II.

Front 24

laissez-faire

Back 24

a policy or attitude of letting things take their own course, without interfering

Front 25

patent

Back 25

a government authority or license conferring a right or title for a set period, especially the sole right to exclude others from making, using, or selling an invention.

Front 26

tariff

Back 26

a tax or duty to be paid on a particular class of imports or exports.

Front 27

abolitionist

Back 27

a person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution, especially capital punishment or (formerly) slavery.

Front 28

suffrage

Back 28

the right to vote in political elections.

Front 29

prejudice

Back 29

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience

Front 30

discrimination

Back 30

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or gender.