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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what caused one of the first worldwide epidemics of influenze?
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Haemophilus influenzae
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describe the distinguishing characteristics of Haemophilus influenza
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small Gram - rods frequently called coccobacillary
Non-motile Fastidious Capnophilic Facultative anaerobe |
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Haemophilus influenza is extremely fastidious. What do they require?
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Requires X factor (hematin) and V factor (NAD)
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what is the carrier rate of Haemophilus influenza in children < 6 years of age?
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3-5% carrier rate
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what strain of Haemophilus influenza causes disease?
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Type B strains (Hib)
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what type of disease does Haemophilus influenza cause?
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Meningitis
Osteomyelitis Epiglottis Otitis |
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what type of stain is associated with invasive disease of Haemophilus influenza?
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Non capsulated strains are associated with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis
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How fast is the progression of disease with Heamophilus influenza meningitis?
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from unapparent to vegetative state very quickly with little chance of recovery
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what are the virulence factors associated with Haemophilus influenza?
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Antiphagocytic capsule
LPS Fimbriae Adhesions Extracellular protease active on subclass 1 of IgA allows infections on membranes |
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How is Heamophilus influenza transmitted?
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normally found in URT
transmission from person to person by airborne route |
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what is the most serious infection caused by Haemophilius influenza?
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Meningitis
caused by type b |
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who is most susceptible to Haemophilus influenza infection?
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children between the ages of 6 months to 3 years
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what type of antibodies are produced/can be developed to protect against Haemophilus influenza?
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anti-capsular antibodies
Polyribose phosphate vaccine against type b capsule |
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what is the most common cause of septic arthritis?
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Haemophilus influenza type b
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what disease does Haemophilus ducreyi cause?
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Chancroidal ulcer
which is a STD |
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how is Haemphilus ducreyi, Chancroidal ulcer different from syphilis?
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only causes 1 lesion
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how do you acquire a Haemophilus ducreyi infection?
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sexual contact
poor hygiene autoinoculation |
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what type of factors does Haemophilus ducreyi require?
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X factor only
Fastidious Streptobacillus |
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hos is Haemophilius ducreyi clinically diagnosed?
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it is hard to grow so it is diagnosed based on clinical presentation
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what is a common cause among children of acute conjuctivitis?
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Haemophilus aegyptius
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what type of factors does Haemophilus aegyptius require?
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requires both X and V factors
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what is the etiological agent of Whooping Cough?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Is Bordetella pertussis gram positive or negative?
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Gram Negative
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what are the virulence factors of Bordetlla pertussis?
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Tracheal cytotoxin
Fimbrial antigen Endotoxin |
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what type of exotoxin is found in Bordetella pertussis
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A-B exotoxin
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what does the tracheal toxins of B. pertussis allow?
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dermoncecrotic filamentous hemagglutination which allows for adherence to the cell
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how is B. pertussis transmitted?
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Human pathogen spread by airborne route from cases of disease
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Is there a vaccine for B. pertussis?
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YES it is part of the DPT series
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how is B. pertussis id in the clinical lab
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requires enriched medium
intolerant to fatty acids in medium fails to grow on routine blood agar requires 3-7 day incubation period in moist atmosphere |
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what other Bordetella pathogens can cause whooping cough?
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Bordetella parapertussis: mild
Bordetella bronchiseptica: zoonosis |
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why was Gardeneralla Vaginalis separated from the Haemophilus species?
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because it does NOT require X factor or V factor for growth in culture
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What type of bacteria is Gardeneralla vaginalis?
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Gram +/-
Fstidious but doesn't required X or V factor Facultative anaerobe |
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What does Gardenerall VAginalis do to the vaginal pH?
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raises vaginal pH from 3.8 to 5.5 which eliminates lactobacilli
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what is diagnostic for Gardeneralla Vaginalis
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Thin gray odorous discharge
Clue cells Sniff test: vaginal swab in 10% KOH |
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what does Gardeneralla cause to grow in the vagina?
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High yeast growth in vagina
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how is Gardenerall vaginalis transmitted?
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appears to be sexually transmitted
males may be asymptomatic carriers |
