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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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True or False
Gram negative sepsis continues to be major clinical problem. Gram Negative infections tend to be more difficult to treat than their gram positive counterparts due to drug resistance and endotoxin. |
True
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what are the general characteristics of Neisseria?
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pathogenic gram negative diplococci
non-spore forming Nonmotile Oxidase positive Catalase positive Aerobic, need CO2 for initial isolation |
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what are the two species of Neisseria that cause disease in humans?
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Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
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what diseases are caused by Neisseria meningitides?
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Metastatic lesions
petechiae Purpura hemorrhage Meningococcemia which may progress to septic shock and meningitis Water-house Friderichsen syndrome: collapse of adrenals |
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what are the virulence factors of Neisseria meningitidis?
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Capsule
Endotoxin (LPS) IgA1 protease Pili |
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what does the endotoxin cause from Neisseria meningitidis?
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cause intravascular coagulation especially in capillaries
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what does the IgA proteases cause in an infection from Neisseriea meningitidis?
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immunoglobulin degrading enzymes
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True or False
A Neisseria meningitides infection can cause a person to go from health to death in a matter of a few hours |
True
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what is a classic clue to an invasive meningococcal infection?
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appearance of petechial rash
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what is the petechial rash caused from in a Nissereia meningococcal infection?
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the release of endotoxin from the bacteria
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describe the transmission of Neisseria meningitides
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respiratory tract secretions acquired through inhalation, multiplication in nasopharyx, dissemination via blood stream
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who usually gets Neisseria meningitides?
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Younger people
-college dorms -military boot camp |
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what are the distinguishing features of Neisseria meningitides?
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Diplococci, non spore forming, non motile
Oxidase positive Catalase positive Aerobic Needs CO2 for inital isolation Fastidious |
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What do you use if you do NOT know what Neisseria the pathogen is?
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N. gonnrrhea nad N. meningitides are always positive for IgA proteases
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how do you clinically ID N. meningitides?
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Gram stain
Growth at 37 C NO growth at 22 C Ferments glucose and maltose, not sucrose or lactose CIEP, agglutination, PCR |
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What sugars does N. meningitides ferment?
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Glucose and Maltose
NOT lactose or sucrose |
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In the lab how do you tell the difference between N. meningitides and N. gonorrhoeae?
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N. meningitides can produce acid from maltose metabolism
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how do you collect specimen for N. meningitides?
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collect CSF through spinal tap
Nasopharyngeal swab Swab behind soft palate Petechia Blood cultures |
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what is the antigenic structure of N. meningitides based on?
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Antigenic structure is based on surface polysaccharide
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what is the most common serotype of N. meningitides found in the US?
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Group B
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would you treat a patient with polymyxin if they had a N. meningitides infection?
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it would kill the gram negative bacteria but it could be harmful to the patient
use penicillin for treatment use rifampin to treat close contacts of patient |
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what occurs in Waterhouse-Friderischsen syndrome? what is it caused by?
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Collapse of adrenals
caused by a systemic infection of N. meningitides |
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what are the natural host of N. meningitidis?
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Humans are the only natural host
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when is the most common time of year for N. meningitidis infections to occur?
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dry, cold months of the year
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Is Neisseria gonorrheoeae a reportable disease?
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YES
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what types of disease does Neisseria gonorrhoeae cause?
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Gonorrhea
Ophthalmia neonatorum |
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Describe the traditional Gonorrhea infection.
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Caused by N. gonorrhoeae
Gentiourinary Tract: mucosal epithelium and glandular columnar epithelium In male: acute purulent exudates from urethra Frequent urination, painful Female: 30% asymptomatic Urethra, cervix, labia, may involve Bartholin glands, no vaginitis May spread to endometrium, uterine tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum |
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True or False
40-50% of PID cases are caused by gonococcus. |
True
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what is Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome?
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Gonococcal conjunctivitis or perihepatitis
mostly found in women |
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How does a patient get Ophthalmia neonatorum?
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passed to the baby during delivery
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describe Ophthalmia neonatorum
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N. gonorrhoeae is transmitted from mother to baby during delivery.
This eye infection usually occurs during the 1st or 2nd day of life and can damage the cornea causing blindness |
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what is given to all babies to help protect them from Neisseria infection?
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Erythromycin eye drops
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what is nonveneral transmission of Neisseria gonorrheoea to children indicative of?
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Child abuse
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describe clinical lab findings of N. gonorrhoeae
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fastidious
fragile grows at 37 C No Growth at 22 C Liable to heat, cold, |
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what sugars does N. gonorrhoeae ferment?
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Ferments glucose
Maltose - Sucrose - |
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what is found in specimens that are in the acute phase of an infection of N. gonorrheoea?
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intracellular G-diplococci in exudates
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Is N. gonorrhoeae found in any other species beside man?
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NO
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what could an untreated case of N. gonorrhoeae infection cause in women?
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Sterility Ectopic pregnancy |
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where can N. gonorrhoeae cause osteomyelitis?
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any place where there is a normal constriction
arthritis is 3:1 female |
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what are the virulence factors of N. gonorrhoeae
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antiphagocytic capsule
pili allow attachment LOS-endotoxin response IgA protease found in T1 and T2 Beta-lactamase proteins which facilitate acquisition of iron from transferin and lactoferin |
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what is another type of bacteria that is a gram negative Diplococci?
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Branhamella catarrhalis
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what type of disease does Branhamella catarhalis cause?
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infrequent systemic infections to include meningitis, endocarditis, otitis media
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How is an infection of Branhamella catarrhalis acquired?
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nosocomial infection in immunocompromised patients
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how is B. catarrhalis transmitted?
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found in human mucous membranes
No IgA proteases |
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How is B. catarrhalis differentiated from Neisseria?
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It grows at 22 degrees C
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