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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy
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the science of the body
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Ana
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up
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tome
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cutting
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cadaver
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meat given to worms
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physiology
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function of living organisms
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Morphology
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the form and structure of an organism changes in the shape of a structure as a function of time or age
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planes of reference
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sagittal/ mid and para
frontal coronal transverse or horizontal |
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types of tissues
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epithelial/ connective/ muscular/ nervous/ vascular
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epithelial tissue
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functions of protection synthesis secretion and sensation can be single or multiple layers.
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3 shapes of tissue
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squamous /columnar / cuboidal
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3 layers of tissue
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simple /stratified/ pseudostratified
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Connective tissue 6 types
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bone/ligaments /tendons / aponeuroses /fasciae/ cartilage
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fissure /sulcus
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a cleft groove furrow
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foramen
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a large opening
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meatus
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a small opening or passageway
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sinus
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a cavity within a bone
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condoyle
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a rounded prominence
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process
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a bony prominence projection from a bone
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spine
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a sharp projection
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tubercle
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a small rounded projection
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ligaments
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WHITE FIBROUS tissue much like tendons but with some elastic fibers / connects bone-to-bone, bone-to-cartilage, cart-to-cart, vocal ligament
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tendons
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a non-elastic band of connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone muscle to cartilage a tissue aggregate takes on same shape and size as what it is connecting
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aponeurosis
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broad sheet of tendon that attaches muscle groups abdominal aponeurosis
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fasciae
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separates muscle bundles by forming sheaths around muscles/ separates one muscle from another/ dense or filmy thick or thin
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cartilage
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tensile strength/ compressive strength/ retain form hyaline (blue or glassy) larynx and trachea elastic:
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muscular tissue ( 3 types)
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can contract/ 40-50% is muscle tissue
striated/skeletal: voluntary smooth: involuntary cardiac: mixed muscle types |
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geometric muscle types (names)
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trapezius, quadratus
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general muscle form (names describ)
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gracillis (slender) serratus (saw like) longitudinal
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muscle location (names)
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temporalis, intercostal, abdmonius
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muscle names descriptive
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pectoalis major rectus abdomius
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neuron
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functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron
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neurons contain a ???
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cell body and 1 axon
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___ takes information away from the cell body
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axon
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___ sends information to the cell body
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Dendrites
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myelin
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covers the axon and increases the nerve impulse
white fatty tissue |
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types of neurons
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unipolar- bipolar- multi-polar
association (in the cortex) interneurons / afferent /efferent |
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afferent neuron carry information to the ____ and are involved in what type of messages
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bring info to the brain and are involved in SENSORY
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Efferent neurons carry information away from the _____ and are involved in what type of messages
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bring info AWAY from the brain and are involved in MOTOR
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what are nuclei
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group of cell bodies in the cns
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what are ganglia
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a group of cell bodies in the PNS
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what is in the CNS and carries motor and sensory messages
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tract
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what is in the PNS and carries motor and sensory messages
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nerve
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synapse
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The junction across which a nerve impulse passes from an axon terminal to a neuron, muscle cell, or gland cell.
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when a neuron is stimulated it can send out a response that excites the next neuron : this is a ______ response
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Excitatory
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when a neuron is stimulated it can send out a response that inhibits the next neuron: this is a _____ response
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Inhibitory
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what are two postsynaptic potentials
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inhibitory or excitatory
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myoneural junction
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the junction between a nerve fiber and the muscle it supplies
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what does cns stand for
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central nervous system
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what are some parts of the cns
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brain, brainstem, spinal cord
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what does PNS stand for
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Peripheral nervous system
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what are some of the parts in the pns
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cranial nerves and spinal nerves
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what does ans stand for
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Autonomic nervous system
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what is the right and left hemisphere of the brain separated by ?
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the longitudinal fissure
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how is the longitudinal fissure connected
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by the corpus callosum
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what is the specific function of the left hemisphere
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speech, language writing reading and math reasoning
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what is the specific function of the right hemisphere
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spatial-temporal abilities, drawing, music, perception of melody and rhythm of speech
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what does the frontal lobe of the brain do
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motor control
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what does the parietal lobe of the brain do
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proprioception kinesthetic, tactile
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what does the temporal lobe of the brain do
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auditory, reception and processing
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what does the occipital lobe of the brain do
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visual
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what are the lobes of the brain made out of
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gyri and sulci
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important cortical areas for speech Language & hearing
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precentral gyrus/ postcentral gyrus/premotor area/ broca's area/ wernicke area/ heschl's gyrus/ angular gyrus / supramarginal gyrus
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disorders resulting from cortical damage
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asphasia / apraxia / anomia
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what is aphasia
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total loss or decreased abiltity to understand &/or express needs
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what is Apraxia
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inability to voluntarily sequence articulatory movements
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what is Anomia
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inability to name objects ; word finding problem
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c
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which arrow is ventral
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E
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which arrow can be superior
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A
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which arrow points in a distal direction
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F
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which arrow represents a dorsal direction
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C
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which arrow is anterior
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D
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which arrow goes in the inferior direction
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F
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which arrow runs towards the posterior
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B
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which arow points in a medial direction
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D
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which arrow represents caudal
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midbrain
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what is the label for a
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pons
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what is the label for b
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medula
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what is the label for c
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spinal cord
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what is the label for D
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optic chiasm
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what is the label for E
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optic tract
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what is the label for F
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