462 Final (Dec. 1, 8)

Front 1

How is racism justified by theology?

Back 1

(e.g. blacks = fence-sitters in war in heaven)
Use scriptures to advance bigoted views – Jesus challenged ideas of race relations (Jews & gentiles, Samaritans, women, children)

Front 2

EXPLOITATION theory & solution

Back 2

benefit from exploiting others. Dehumanize people dealing with (Latinos, migrant workers). Easier to exploit if not equal, seen as inferior (dehumanize/label in war)
Solution: make cost of exploitation better than actual benefits (e.g. crime – jail or fine)

Front 3

IGNORANCE theory & solution

Back 3

prejudice/exploitation out of ignorance. Stereotype – make generalization based on limited information – one case and incomplete information. (e.g. story about Michael Jordan and Eddie Murphy in elevator)
Solution: more comprehensive information

Front 4

ETHNOCENTRISM

Back 4

centered on self. Think you are the best (e.g. Crusades)
Solution: open up interaction and cultural exchange. Learn to appreciate what each has (e.g. Northern Ireland a lot of suspicion and hostility, but after exchange of kids for 6 weeks they realize they’re similar. Same with Jews and Palestinian kids.

Front 5

STRUCTURAL OPPOSITION theory & solution

Back 5

creating artificial barriers (we/us vs. they/them)
Solution: get rid of artificial barriers. Interact/see/build relationships. Come together to learn and appreciate and learn

Front 6

SCAPEGOATING theory & solution

Back 6

prejudice against the weak who can’t fight back because easy target. Blame others.
Solution: take personal responsibility. Be accountable and expect others to be. Psychotherapy.

Front 7

SICK PERSONALITY theory & solution

Back 7

mental illness if discriminate or prejudiced. Cynical, pessimistic, anti-intellectual, rigid, lack poise, mentally unbalanced. Normal/good wouldn’t think that way (e.g. skin heads, KKK, rednecks)
Solution: therpy, “hardcore”

Front 8

LEARNED theory & solution

Back 8

– learn from others (adults) how to be racist. Don’t know anything – just heard it and act in similar manner. (South Pacific)
Solution: extinguishing behavior. Stop reinforcing it or negative reinforcement.

Front 9

What 3 things minorities do to react to prejudice or discrimination:

Back 9

1. Acceptance
a. Fatalistic acceptance – accept as a fact of life. Nothing can do about it. Do best can. No use running away, fighting reality
b. Super patriotism – go out of way to do something noteworthy. Show you belong in society (i.e. Japanese during WWII
2. Insurrection – fight back. Blacks in 1960s. until then, went through channels/system. Then demonstrate, march, vigil, boycott, music, art, litigation, law suits
3. Avoidance – people try to hide from being target. Change name, religion, food, neighborhood, physical features. Cream = whiter face. Nose/eye job.

Front 10

Why are women a minority and how are they discriminated against?

Back 10

Minority because lack power. Sexism in occupation, income, education, law, welfare, and social security.

Front 11

How does sexism affect occupation and income?

Back 11

men earn more than women. 74 cents/$1 on whole. Same job = lower 90s to the dollar. Men – primary jobs. Women – pink ghettos. Glass ceiling – can’t move up to higher rank. Move up to certain point. Ask illegal questions: are you married, pregnant, have family? Etc. man need job more to pay for family. (e.g.Law school – take place of man who need position.)

Front 12

Stats on why it's important for women to have education for future occupation?

Back 12

9/10 women spend 27.6 years in labor force.
1/3 women no have man in home to support her.
Divorced/widowed/abandoned/never marry. She has to pay/have job.
½ reach age 50 with intact marriage.
86% surviving spouses women.
Women outlive men by 8 years.

Front 13

How does sexism affect education?

Back 13

Women were discouraged from going to college. If do go, major in home economics. Examples: Males harass female students in law school. Make uncomfortable by putting pornographic pictures in rooms. 2001 – BYU grads harass girls in medical school at U of U. PhD has “old boy network” parties, shop talk, 81.5% women at BYU say they’re here to gain education. 31.1% males think women come to BYU to get education

Front 14

Why does Mormon doctrine and practical reasoning promote education for women?

Back 14

Practical matter – must be equipped to provide for themselves. Influence educated woman have on future generations. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world. Divine right and responsibility to gain as much intelligence as we can. Qualified women faculty recruited? Women actively encouraged to pursue their choices? Secretaries and staff considered co-workers and not underlings?

Front 15

How does sexism affect law?

Back 15

19th Amendment give women right to vote – 1921. Finally fully enfranchised.
1963 – Equal Pay Act. Could legally pay women less for doing same job.
1964 – Title 7 of Civil Rights act prohibits sexual discrimination. More qualified women were denied employment.
1972 – Title 9 of Higher Education Act passed. (Sports.) Men only received scholarship for sports.
Equal Credit Act of 1975 give women access to credit under her own name. Before only under her husband’s name. All laws in books, but rarely enforced. Lawsuit very cumbersome, costly, time-consuming. Not all women decide to fight system. Some did fight – case by case. One lawsuit not always apply to anther.
1970s – decide to do something different. Constitutional amendment.
ERA – Equal Rights Amendment. Enforcement not there – toothless tiger. Real law. Bill defeated. Women didn’t agree how to go about it.
Henry Alldredge: truly raped women don’t get pregnant. Retired dentist. Juices need to flow. Women should wear tight jeans

Front 16

How does sexism affect welfare and social security?

Back 16

Welfare designed with women in mind, social security designed with men in mind. First derogatory. Second entitlement.
Welfare track carry the stigma. (Scrutinize basket of person buying with food stamps.)
S.S. – man worker and woman beneficiary of man.

Front 17

What's the first natural support system in a minority community and what 4 roles does it play?

Back 17

1. Extended family – many live close. LDS minority in a way. Support:
a. Finance – all pull together, contribute to fund and claim from fund. Nuclear family. All pool money and receive allowance.
b. Social – through extended family socialize, belongingness, place. Take care, look after, have responsibility toward. White middle class go out to socialize. Minority all go to home to socialize. Weddings – get invitation. Minority – by definition invited. Family obligation. Build relationships with siblings. Polynesian – bless baby. Asian – during finals family drive to take care of son/daughter to write final paper and prepare.
c. Emotional – have issue, don’t take it outside of the home. Take to family member that esteem, admire, take care with family. Settle issue within family
d. Family role – unlike parents doing everything, minority all have role/job. Grandpa – spiritual leader, grandma – cultural. Uncle – recreational, etc.

Front 18

What is the second natural support system in a minority community?

Back 18

2. Folk healers – Bring harmony and balance into your life. When things go bad, happen because disequilibrium, disharmony. Hot/cold. Ying/yang. Seek out before do anything. Doctors insensitive. Doesn’t understand flu caused by imbalance between hot and cold.

Front 19

What's the third natural support system in a minority community?

Back 19

3. Religion – central to life. Black movement. Reverends: Avanathy, Jessie Jackson, Martin Luther King Jr. act as conscience of society. Speak up for the people. Do something about changing society so community members get the fair shake. Spiritual leader and social change agent of community as well. Speak up.

Front 20

What's the fourth natural support system in a minority community?

Back 20

4. Social clubs – when minority/immigrant/marginalized, disengaged from host society. Need social engagement. Organize self. Soccer club. Feel isolated, so come together. 1-Provide social opportunity, 2-create linkage to the main society.