449

Front 1

7th Century

Back 1

advent of Islam, spreading of Islam through the Mediterranean to India

Front 2

8th century

Back 2

: Muslim armies conquer Spain (711) along with parts of southern France (brief period) and southern Italy (Muslims driven out from Sicily in the 11th century)

Front 3

11th century

Back 3

Crusades are launched; attempt to drive out Islam out of the Holy Land

Seljuk Turks rise to power and begin to conquer Byzantine territory

Front 4

12th century

Back 4

Christian armies from the West began driving Muslims back

Front 5

1299

Back 5

Rise of the Ottoman Empire

Front 6

14th century

Back 6

Beginning of the Renaissance

Front 7

15th century

Back 7

Ottoman Turks expand their Islamic empire into the modern Balkan states in southeastern Europe, including Bosnia and Albania (many conversions to Islam). Ottoman forces occupy the Balkan Peninsula.

Front 8

1453

Back 8

Ottomans conquer Constantinople. End of the Byzantine Empire

Front 9

1492

Back 9

1492 Spanish Inquisition; campaign to drive Muslims and Jews out of western Europe. Muslims to flee to North Africa, few Muslims remain in western Europe

Front 10

1529

Back 10

First Ottoman siege of Vienna

Front 11

1683

Back 11

Ottomans defeated at the gates of Vienna.

Front 12

19th century

Back 12

semi-colonization of Egypt under French and British rule

British colonization of India

Front 13

1918

Back 13

Ottoman Empire is defeated and occupied by European forces

Front 14

post 1945

Back 14

Under communist rule in the Balkans, Islam is suppressed

Front 15

1947

Back 15

partition and independence of Pakistan and India; postcolonial migration to Great Britain

Front 16

1961

Back 16

Berlin Wall is built; labor shortage; West German government invites Turkish citizens to work as so-called guest workers.

Front 17

1962

Back 17

Algeria gains independence from French colonial rule; postcolonial migration from Algeria to France

Front 18

1979

Back 18

Islamic Revolution in Iran

Front 19

1989

Back 19

Khomeini declares a fatwa against Rushdie

Berlin wall falls, followed by the collapse of the Soviet Block

Front 20

1991

Back 20

war breaks out in Yugoslavia, triggering religious fundamentalism

Front 21

1990s

Back 21

headscarf debate in France influences policies in other Western European countries

Front 22

2001

Back 22

9/11 attack on World Trade Center, followed by war in Iraq and Afghanistan

Front 23

2009

Back 23

banning of minarets in Switzerland

Front 24

2010

Back 24

banning of burqa in Belgium and France