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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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attributable risk
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absolute risk so risk with exposure - risk without exposure
aka: incidence in exposed - incidence in non exposed |
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proportion attributable risk
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proportion of dz incidence in exposed attributable to their exposure
attributable risk/exposed risk so if 45 attributable risk to tanning beds and 15% of tanning bed users get cancer then 4/15 is proportion. In tanning bed users, what is attributable to tanning bed |
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difference prevalence and incidence
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preva: total cases at a point in time
incidence: how many people getting it- new cases |
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dz is not very common. want to do epidemiology
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case control study- match people with dz with people who are similar but without dz
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case series
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take cases of dz and see what just those people have in common or similar tx
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case control study
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pts with specific tx compared to matched group not given same tx
odds ratio |
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cohort study
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pre-selected population, pts who recieve tx compared to group not given the tx
not going to work if dz is not common odds ratio, relative risk |
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RCT
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experimental design- only active interventions randomly applied
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odds ratio
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from case control and cohort studies
estimates relative risk odds of exposed/odds control is exposed |
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relative risk
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cohort studies
strength of association between exposure and dz |
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bias
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systematic error in results
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selection bias
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choice of pts introduces sytemic differences
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information bias
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recall: cases/contorls remember exposures differently
interviewer: collection methods fuqed response: data collected do not reflext true beliefs/state |
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a bad study design
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can't be fixed with larger sample size
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confounding
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extraneous variable affects the outcome
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number needed to tx
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1/relative risk
relative risk: risk tx - risk not tx |
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relative risk reduction |
control risk - tx group risk/ control risk = absolute risk/control group risk there may be less risk in tx group but if the difference is small relative to risk, tx not useful |
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absolute risk reduction |
the control group risk - tx group risk |
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phases of clincial tria |
phase 1 health 2: affected pts, dosing 3: compare with placebo or standard tx FDA approved 4: given out |
