Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
induction period |
receipt of exposure to presence of disease |
|
|
latent period |
first presence to recognition |
|
|
empiral induction period |
induction + latent period. |
|
|
confirmed case |
meets the established criteria |
|
|
probably case |
probable for reporting purpose, some supportive lab results, not yet meet criteria |
|
|
suspected case |
case with lower certainty |
|
|
clniically compatible case |
syndrome compatible with disease description. might not have epid. data |
|
|
factors affect prevalence |
1. incidence 2. duration |
|
|
cumulative incidence |
# of ppl develop in a time/# of ppl at risk |
|
|
incidence rate |
# of new cases in a time period/ total person-time |
|
|
3 characteristics of a cause |
1. preceded the disease/condition 2. host or environmental factors 3. positive/negative |
|
|
sufficient cause |
require the joint action of many components
|
|
|
component cause |
each cc is an event plays a necessary role in development of disaes |
|
|
necessary cause |
essential for the outcome of disease |
|
|
3 explanation for correlation between factor and outcome |
1. chance 2. bias 3. confounding |
|
|
random sampling error |
intro of error due to only a sample being studied instead of the whole population |
|
|
bias |
systematic error, lead too incorrect measure of an exposure with an outcome |
|
|
selection bias |
selected is diff systematically from non selected.
-proper randomization is not achieved. |
|
|
Healthy worker effect |
workforce are generally healtheir than general population. because ill ones are usually not part of the work force. |
|
|
information bias |
due to manner in which data was collected 1. observer bias 2. responder bias |
|
|
observer bias |
misclassification of outcomes due to observer's knowledge
|
|
|
responder bias |
respondants answer questions in the manner they thnk researches want them to. rather than truthfully. |
|
|
confounding |
occurs when an apparent association between exposure and outcome is actually the result of another factor.
must NOT be on causal pathway.
outcome must be independently linked with exposure and the outcome. |
