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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DEMENTIA
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a global impairment of cognitive function;
usually progressive; may be permanent; interferes with normal social /occupational activities |
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Describe the following theory related to psychosocial aging: Disengagement theory
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Aging involves mutual withdrawal (disengagement) between the older person and others in the elderly person’s environment. W/d relieves societal pressure.
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Describe the following theory related to psychosocial aging: Activity Theory
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The best way to age is to stay active physically and mentally.
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Describe the following theory related to psychosocial aging: Continuity Theory
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People maintain their values, habits, and behavior in old age. This theory accounts for the great variety of behavior in the elderly.
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Identify common health problems experienced by the older adult
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Health problems older adult may experience include:
-accidents -chronic diseases: heart, stroke, pneumonia, lung, cancer -drug/alcohol abuse, misuse -dementia -being abused, neglected |
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Describe community programs and services available for the older adult
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-Assisted living
-Adult day care -Adult foster care and group homes |
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GERIATRICS
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Branch of Medicine that deals with the physiologic characteristics of aging AND
the diagnosis and tx. of disease affecting the aged |
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GERONTOLOGY
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The study of ALL aspects of the aging process. Includes:
clinical, psychological, economic and sociologic issues of elderly/ consequences for individual and society |
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DEMENTIA: What are some of the symptoms that characterize it?
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Chronic Personality breakdown;
confusion; disorientation; stupor; deterioration of intellectual capacity/function; impaired control of memory, judgment, impulses |
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DEMENTIAL: Are there forms of this that are reversible?
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Yes: When caused by drug intoxication, hyperthyroidism, benign brain tumor, hydrocephalus, insulin shock
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DEMENTIA
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refers to various organic disorders disorders that progressively affect cognitive functioning, mental impairment of the older adult
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Which body systems are affected by the normal process of aging?
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Nearly All: Skin, Neuromuscular, Sensory/perceptual, Pulmonary, Cardiovascular, GI, Urinary, Genitals
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What are the common biologic
theories of aging (x6)? |
*wear and tear *endocrine theory
*free radical theory *genetic theories *cross-linking theories *immune theorie |
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Describe the genetic theory of aging?
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Organism is genetically pre-programmed for a predetermined number of cell divisions; after that the cell/organism dies.
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Describe the immune theory of aging?
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*Immunity becomes less effective w/ age; incubating viruses are now able to do damage.
*Decreased immune function causes increase in autoimmune responses. Antibodies attack self. |
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Describe the wear and tear theory of aging?
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*vital parts run down over time;
*the faster an organism lives, the faster it dies *cells wear out due to internal/external stressors: trauma, chemicals, buildup of wastes. |
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According to Erikson, what are some developmental tasks for older adults?
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Adjust to: decreasing strength, health, retirement, lower income, deaths of loved ones, adult children, leisure time, slower responses. Staying active.
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According to Erikson, what are some developmental tasks for older (75 and up)older adults?
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Living alone; safeguarding health; remaining in touch; finding meaning in one's life; adjusting to death.
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What are the 3 Areas that are considered for Developmental Assessment guidelines for the Older Adult?
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*physical dev't
*psychosocial dev't *dev't re: ADL's |
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Developmental changes in Older Adult
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adjusting to physiologic changes*adapting lifestyle to diminishing energy/ability
maintaining vital signs (especially BP) |
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Psychosocial changes in Older Adult
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satisfied in retirement participating socially
finding life worthwhile *finding comfort in values and/or spiritual philosphy accepting of the death of others. |
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Developmental Assessment, ADL concerns are ?
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Does the older adult:
have healthy practices for nutrition exercise, sleep etc. have ability to care for self/secure adequate help have satisfactory living arrangements/income |
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What are some guidelines for health promotion re: safety?
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*home safety (falls, burns etc...)
*motor vehicle safety (esp. at night) *precautions around pedestrian accidents. |
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What are some guidelines for health promotion re: Nutrition and exercise?
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*well balanced diet (fewer calories for lowering metabolic rate)
*Vitamin D and Calcium *avoid obesity, lack of exercise |
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What are some guidelines for health promotion re: social interactions?
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*encourage intellectual/recreational pursuits, meaningful, supportive relationships
*ID availability of resource/community centers |
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Physiologic
Developement in the Middle Adult |
l gradual internal and external physiologic changes occur
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Cognitive
Developement in the Middle Adult |
little change from adulthood
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Psychosocial
Developement in the Middle Adult |
the middle adult years is increased personal freedom , economic stability, and social relationships. Relatively stable throughout adult life
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Moral
Developement in the Middle Adult |
Middle adults have completed their moral development and most are at conventional level ( According to Kohlberg)
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Spiritual
Developement in the Middle Adult |
As with moral development ,not all progress to Fowler's paradoxal- consolidative state of spiritual development
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Leading cause of death in the middle adult:
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MVA, occupational accident, suicide and chronic diseases.
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Major Health problems:
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cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis,diabetes mellitus, obesity, alcoholism,and depression
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Functional Health Problems of the Middle adult
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Hormonal changes affect men and woman differently . Woman undergo menopause, a decrease in ovarian function.
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Functional Health Problems of the Older Adult
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Disease complicates a person's ability to carry out usual and desired daily activities. Mental and physical decline in older adults often may not be directed related to the aging process
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Common health problems in the Older Adult
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The older adult is at increase for accidental injuries, because of change in vision, hearing, loss of mass, muscle, strength, and slower reflex and reaction time and decreased sensibility
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Ageism
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is a form of prejudice, like racism,, in which older adults are stereotyped by characteristics found in only a few members of their group
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Stereotype
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view that older people are different, and will remain different; therefore they do not experience the same desires, needs, and concerns
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Common myths
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old age begins as at 65
Most older adults live in nursing homes Most older adults are sick old age means mental deterioration older adults don't care how they look |
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Developmental
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Establish and guide the next generation, Accept middle age changes, adjust to the need of aging parents, reevaluate ones goals and accomplishments
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Theories of Aging
Genetic |
genes control "genetic clocks"
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Theories of Aging
Immunity |
focuses on the functions of the immune system
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Theories of Aging
Cross Linkage |
chemical reaction produces damage to the DNA and cell death
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Theories of Aging
Free radical |
molecules with seperated high-energy electrons have adverse effects on adjacent molecules
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Nursing Interventions to promote health for middle and older adults
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Teach the importance of regular exercise, make exercise part of your daily routine, do not smoke, drink alcohol, eat a diet that includes all food groups; low in fat, sat fat, cholesterol
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Leading cause if death in elderly
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heart disease
cancer stroke |
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Teaching plan for older adults
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chronic illness limits activities in almost half of older adults
meeting expenses of healthcare is often difficult ex medication cost, hospitalization costs, special equipment and supplies |
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Teaching plan for older adults cont.
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Family members must learn to cope with the needs of the ill person
family members must adapt to psychological stressors |
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As defined by Erickson what stage of human development is the older adult
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Ego-integrity versus despair and disgust as the last stage of human develop., which begins at 60 years of age
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According to Havighurst which is a developmental task of the older adult?
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Adjust to declining physical strength and health
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viewed the middle years as a time adults increase their feelings of self satisfaction, value their spouse as a companion, and become more concerned with health
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Gould
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Alzheimer's
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Is the most common degernative neurologic illness and the most common cause of cognitive impairment
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