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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the normal range for calcium ?
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2.1 - 2.6 mmol/L
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What level of calcium is considered "severe" hypercalcaemia ?
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> 3.4 mmol/L
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What is the Mnemonic for Hypercalcaemia?
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HyperCALCEMIAS
Hyperparathyroidism Cancer Acute Renal Failure Lithium ( + thiazides ) Congenital Endocrine ( Addison's / Thyrotoxicosis ) Milk Alkali Syndrome Immobilisation A and D Hypervitaminosis Sarcoid |
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What Malignancies cause Hypercalcaemia ?
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1. Osteolytic Metastatic Lesions
a. Breast Ca b. Melanoma 2. Secretion of Parathyroid Hormone Related Peptide (PHRP) a. SCC lung b. Renal cell Ca 3. Other a. Leukaemia b. Lymphoma c. Prostate Ca |
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Which of the following is correct regarding Hypercalcaemia ?
A. The most common cause is Malignancy B. The main ED management is with 0.9% saline IV and loop diuretics (frusemide) C. Hypoparathyroidism is due to a benign parathyroid adenoma . D. Severe Hypercalcaemia is a level > 3.2 mmol/L |
B.
A =Hyperparathyroidism C = Hyperparathyroidism D = > 3.4 mmol/L |
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"Stones, Bones, Abdominal groans and Psychic moans" of hypercalcaemia refers to what ?
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Stones : renal calculi
Bones: Bony pain -metastatic disease Abdominal groans = pancreatitis / constipation / peptic ulcer disease Psychic moans = Confusion , irritability , hallucinations |
