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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In regards to An increased serum osmolality and the associated Clinical Symptoms and signs, which is incorrect?
A. > 430 = Seizures and coma B. > 350 = excessive thirst C. > 420 =focal Neurological defect. D. > 400 = weakness and lethargy. |
D.
> 400 = ataxia and tremor > 375 = weakness and lethargy |
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What are the 3 main categories for the causes of Hypernatraemia?
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1. Inadequate water intake
2. Excessive sodium 3. Loss of Water >> Sodium |
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What are the main reasons behind inadequate water intake in hypernatraemia?
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1. Unable to obtain
2. Dysphagia 3. Impaired thirst ** typical of elderly / disabled - Inadequate intake |
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What are the main causes of excessive sodium intake?
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1. Iatrogenic ( hypertonic saline ; NaHCO3 )
2. Accidental salt ingestion 3. Excess mineralocorticoid / Glucocorticoid (Cushings) |
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What are the main causes of Loss of water >> sodium, causing hypernatraemia?
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1. GIT ( vomiting and diarrhoea)
2. Renal ( Diabetes insipidus ; osmotic diuresis -DKA) 3. Skin ( sweating in heat stroke and burns) |
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How fast should the sodium be lowered and corrected for hypernatraemia?
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Slowly, over 24-48 hours
0.5 - 1.0 mmol / L / Hr |
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Which of the following is incorrect regarding the causes of hypernatraemia?
A. The Elderly usually have an inadequate water intake as their aetiology. (unable to obtain / dysphagia) B. It can be caused by Iatrogenic reasons - eg. drugs ( antibiotics and lithium) C. It is caused by reduced mineralocorticoid / glucocorticoids. D. Vomiting and diarrhoea can lead to hypernatraemia. |
C. Excess mineralocorticoids / glucocorticoids ( Cushings)
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