411 Exam 1 Review

Front 1

Traditional Waterfall SDLC

Back 1

Planning
Analysis
Design
Implementation
Maintenance

Front 2

Advantages of SDLC

Back 2

Structured
Less Changes - Less Cost

Front 3

Disadvantages of SDLC

Back 3

Lacks flexibility to change
Locks in users’ requirements too early
Limited user involvement
Long development period

Front 4

Two Alternatives to SDLC

Back 4

Rapid Application Development (RAD)
Prototyping

Front 5

Advantages of Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Back 5

Reduces development time
Extensive user involvement
Combination of several systems development components: JAD, fourth-generation programming languages (VB), prototyping, CASE tools and code generators

Front 6

Disadvantages of Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Back 6

Sometimes designed in a rush

Front 7

Rapid Application Development (RAD) Flow

Back 7

Requirements Planning
User Design
Construction
Cutover

Front 8

Prototyping

Back 8

An iterative process of systems development in which requirements are converted to a working system (a scaled-down version)
Analysis, design and implementation phases are performed concurrently

Front 9

Prototyping
Guidelines

Back 9

Work in manageable modules
Build the prototype rapidly
Modify the prototype
Stress the user interface

Front 10

Prototyping Advantages

Back 10

Make changes in a short period of time
Users are involved in design
Captures requirements in concrete form

Front 11

Protyping Disadvantages

Back 11

Premature system
May be inadequate for overall system needs

Front 12

Six Main Types of Software Providers

Back 12

Hardware manufacturers
Packaged software providers
Custom software providers
Vendors of enterprise-wide solution software
Application service providers
In-house software developers

Front 13

Outsourcing

Back 13

The practice of turning over responsibility for some or all of an organization's information systems applications and operations to an outside firm

Front 14

Outsourcing Advantages

Back 14

Cost-effective
Rely on experts
Free up internal resources

Front 15

Outsourcing Disadvantages

Back 15

Security issues
Time Zones
Cultural differences

Front 16

Open-Source Software

Back 16

Any computer program with accessible source code. Anyone is legally and technically able to change and/or redistribute the software.
It is Free software.
Linux

Front 17

Phases of Project Management Process

Back 17

Phase 1: Initiation
Phase 2: Planning
Phase 3: Execution
Phase 4: Closedown

Front 18

Critical path

Back 18

the shortest time in which a project can be completed

Front 19

Slack time

Back 19

the time an activity can be delayed without delaying the project

Front 20

Traditional Requirements Determination Methods

Back 20

Interviewing individuals
Interviewing groups
Observing workers
Studying business documents

Front 21

Joint Application Design (JAD)

Back 21

Intensive group-oriented requirements determination technique
Team members meet in isolation for an extended period of time
Highly focused
Resource intensive

Front 22

Prototyping is most useful when

Back 22

User requests are not clear
Few users are involved in the system
Designs are complex and require concrete form
History of communication problems between analysts and users
Tools are readily available to build prototype

Front 23

Prototyping Drawbacks

Back 23

Tendency to avoid formal documentation
Difficult to adapt to more general user audience
Sharing data with other systems is often not considered
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) checks are often bypassed

Front 24

Business Process Reengineering (BPR)

Back 24

Search for and implementation of radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services

Front 25

Goals of Business Process Reengineering

Back 25

Reorganize complete flow of data in major sections of an organization
Eliminate unnecessary steps

Front 26

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)

Back 26

A picture of the movement of data between external entities and the processes and data stores within a system

Front 27

DFD Levels

Back 27

Context DFD
Level-0 DFD
Level-1 DFD
Level-n DFD

Front 28

Context DFD

Back 28

Overview of the organizational system

Front 29

Level-0 DFD

Back 29

Representation of system’s major processes at high level of abstraction

Front 30

Level-1 DFD

Back 30

Results from decomposition of Level 0 diagram

Front 31

Level-n DFD

Back 31

Results from decomposition of Level n-1 diagram

Front 32

Four Different Types of DFD

Back 32

Current Physical
Current Logical
New Logical
New Physical