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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Clostridium perfringens
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gram positive
anaerobic non-motile spore forming rod rapid growth and produces gas from fermentation process found in soil and normal flora of colon in humans/animals |
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CP diseases
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food poisoning (8-12 hours)
mo survive via sporulation, germinate upon reheating- toxin released from lysed mo in small intestine |
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CP DX, TX, Epi
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high numbers of pathogen in food, stool, or toxin in stool
maintain hydration meat products! |
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CP diseases
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myonecrosis (gas gangrene)
*trauma, surgery, malignancy skin becomes edematous spreading crepitance in tissue (crackling in tissue) shock, renal failure, coma, death |
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CP -myonecrosis pathogenesis
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spores into necrotic tissue
phospholipase/perfringolysin O clinical signs for DX gram stain culture from exudate surgical debridement, penicilling G, hyperbaric O2 |
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Clostridium sordellii
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anaerobic spore forming Gram positive ROD
10% of vaginal flora lethal, hemorrhagic toxin if you have this no RU486 vaginal dose! = sepsis |
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Clostridium tetani
(squash rackets) |
anaerobic
motile gram positive spore forming rod in soil and feces |
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CT info
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incubation can be days to weeks
trismus (spasms of jaw muscle) most death in first week |
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CT pathogenesis
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spores
toxin goes to CNS give antitoxin and benzodiazepines important neonatal infection in developing world |
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CT prevent
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debridement of wound and administer anti-toxin
immunize |
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Clostridium boulinum
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anaerobic
motile gram positive spore forming rod |
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CB disease
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flaccid paralysis
12-36 hours after ingestion = symptoms cranial nerves affected |
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CB pathogenesis
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spores in food
toxin binds to peripheral neuromuscular jnection botulinum toxin *toxin acts by blocking neurotransmitter ACH heat labile toxin toxin is protease specific for synaptic vesicle proteins required for fusion w/cytoplasmic membrane botulinum toxin enters neuron via recycling of synaptic vesicles |
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CB dx, tx, prevention
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demonstrate toxin in blood
antitoxin administration, respiratory assistance post-exposure administration of equine antitoxin INFANT BOTULISM- colonization of colon |
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Clostridium Difficile
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gram positive
spore forming anaerobic rod *occasional member of normal intestinal flora |
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CD pathogenesis
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alteration of normal flora via AB use- pseudomembranous colitis
produces A and B toxins which glycosylate RHO-family of GTPases Binary Toxin = ADP-ribosylation of actin |
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CD dx, tx, epi
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demonstrate toxin
antibiotics elderly/nosocomial at risk show HIGH levels of toxin in stool to DX |
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Bacteroides fragilis
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gram negative bacillus
obligate anaerobe can grow in high <bile> endotoxin of low toxicity minor component of normal fecal flora MOST freq isolated obligate anaerobe from human (c perfringens is second) |
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BF disease
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intra abdominal abcesses
low grade fever, abdominal pain can lead to bacteremia skin/soft tissue infection diarrhea |
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BF pathogenesis
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zwitterionic capsular polysaccharides: induce abscess via interaction with t-cell
other bacteria present in this infection |
