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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Globalization |
The closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world brought about by the large reduction of costs of transportation and communication Breaking down of artificial barriers to the flow of goods, services, capital, knowledge and people across borders Kind of worldwide climate in which peoples, industries, governments, and countries across the world are being propelled into closer political, economic and cultural unions |
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4 Stimuli for globalization |
1. communications technology a. satellite and cable b. internet c. personal communication 2. audience curiosity about other parts of the world 3. International travel 4. Transnational companies |
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Benefits of Global Media has contributed to... |
1. Creating local jobs in media and cultural industries 2. Has contributed to the improvements and movement of media products around the globe 3. Has produced a liberatory potential that can contribute to strengthening liberal democratic culture (give people a voice) 4. Voice for marginalized (downgraded, disregarded) people - allowing them to produce media allows them to represent themselves |
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Problems of Global Media |
1. Representations distributed in global media products can worsen inter-cultural tensions/misunderstandings (asian parents) 2. can incite backlash against western culture/ nations who see it as a threat to local culture (french veil ban takes effect, women protest) 3. often based on religious and political groups |
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Global media conclusions |
1. global media provides diverse cultures but also stereotypes, victims or secondary characters 2. cultural interactions between western media products and non-western societies are deeply complex just because american pop culture is popular around the world does not mean that america is popular or that people want to be americans |
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Cultures of Diaspora |
1. The experience of cultural hybridity (living in between) 2. Spreading of something that was originally localized (as people or language or culture) 3. Used to refer to any people or ethnic population forced to leave their traditional ethnic homelands --> being dispersed throughout other parts of the world |
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A study on attitudes toward americans The purpose |
Document adolescents attitudes and beliefs about americans provide explanations of how such youthful views are shaped by mass media entertainment products and the long-term consequences of such influences |
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Overall process of study on attitudes toward americans |
How global media content is shaped The way it is distributed Why adolescents seek it out How these lessons slowly add up Americans are generally violent, generous, women are sexually immoral, materialistic, strong religious views |
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Accumulation Theory |
repeated, consistent
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Cultivation theory |
tv images over time desensitization to violence aggressive behavior big scary world
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Multi-State Theory |
Audience goals of seeking gratification from media entertainment process of incidental learning that leads to social constructions of reality, and the gradual accumulation of minimal edicts taking place over time in the formation of beliefs and attitudes among those who selectively attend to media features of capitalism as a political and economic system based on competition for profits |
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Characteristics of culture |
a framework that provides an organization of information it is learned obtained from many sources dynamic - evolving, changing human made part of the environment |
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Cultural universals |
all humans use their perceptions - the means by which we make sense of the physical world physiology physical appearance is similar across humanity storytelling we have ability to create, interpret, predict and share stories and meaning facial expressions |
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Schwartz value inventory: Power |
Power: social status, controlling others
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Schwartz value Inventory: Achievement |
Achievement: setting/accomplishing goals |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Hedonism |
Hedonism: Pleasure above all else |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Stimulation |
Stimulation: pleasure here comes form excitement and thrills |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Self-direction |
Desire to be independent and outside of the control of others |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Universalism |
Seeks social justice and tolerance for all; promotes peace and equality |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Benevolence |
Seeks to help others; generous and giving |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Tradition |
Respects that which was before; does things that are customary The "original" conservative: seeks to preserve order, is discomforted by change |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Conformity |
Seeks obedience to clear rules and structures gains a sense of control by conforming to agreed laws and statuses |
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Schwartz value Inventory: Security |
Seeks health and safety to a greater decree than others
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Schwartz Value Inventory |
All exist in every individual to varying degrees are ranked within the individual ranking varies from person to person and situation to situation ranking can be based on perceived abundance or lack of value object ex. if I perceive that I do not have a lot of autonomy in a particular situation workplace, family, I may place a strong value on self direction |
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Geert Hoftstede's value categories |
Power distance (PDI) individualism vs. collectivistm (IDV) Masculinity vs. femininity (MAS) Uncertain avoidance (UAI) Long-term vs. Short-term orientation (LTO) Indulgence vs. restraint (IVR) |
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Cultural Objects |
Schudson believed that culture reveals itself through and is transmitted by the cultural objects that are produced in society He put forth two common views on the impact of cultural objects: enormously powerful in shaping human action bear meanings that people may adopt, adapt, discard, or disregard as they make their way through social landscape |
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Cultural Heritage |
Embodied in the objects of culture that have withstood the test of time and are perceived to meet the needs, desires, moralities, and demands of the present Heritage can be represented in myths/stories, always subject to interpretation Heritage encourages, arranges and manages consumption - most important single resource for international tourism |
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Individualism vs. collectivism: parenting |
Individualism: Rewarded for personal achievement and individual leadership, explicitly enhance self-esteem/efficiency, openly express internal emotions
Collectivism: Reward for bringing home honor, implicitly enhance self-esteem/efficiency, feel uncomfortable to openly express internal emotions |
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Individualism vs. collectivism: The self |
Individualism: "me" consciousness, loosely linked to group identity, emphasis is placed on self
Collectivism: "we"consciousness, closely linked to group identity, commitment to valued groups |
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Individualism vs. collectivism: Social Exchange |
Individualism: exchange relationship, communication style (direct communication)
Collectivism: communal relationship, communication style (indirect communication) |
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Summary of individualism |
individualism: self is defined as independence and autonomous from collectives personal goals are given priority over the goals of collectives social behavior is shaped by attitudes and perceived enjoyable consequences independence competition Direct communication |
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Summary of collectivism |
Self is defined as aspect of collective personal goals are subordinated to the goals of this collective interdependence cooperation indirect communication |
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Vertical individualism |
Hierarchical achieving status by competition self-enhancement at the expense of the group USA, France |
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Horizontal individualism |
Equality distinct unique do their own thing Norway, Sweden |
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Vertical Collectivism |
Hierarchical Superiority of the group sacrifice personal goals for group interest commitment to in-group Pacific Asian Countries: China, Indonesia, Korea, Japan |
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Horizontal Collectivism |
Interdependent Share common goals similar to other members do not subordinate self-goals to that of the group southern european countries: greece, turkey, spain |
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Slogans |
North American, European magazines contain advertisements with more individualistic slogans - individuality, self reliance, competition
eastern asian magazines contain advertisements with more collectivism slogans - family and group well being, harmony, relationship |
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Individualistic Message Design |
Individual focus detail information about the projects direct communication |
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Collectivist Message Design |
Group focus Showing features of a product that benefits group relationship indirect communication |
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Global communication and propaganda |
Democracy = questioning authority propaganda = limiting the ability to question attractive because they are shortcuts for thinking other names: PR, advertising, marketing, promotion, public affairs |
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Propaganda strategies: Name calling |
the use of labels to project and idea in a favorable light
stereotyping: Teen mom |
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Propaganda strategies: Glittering Generality |
Associating an issue or image with a noble or virtuous term freedom democracy god bless america |
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Propaganda strategies: Image Transfer |
Taking the power, respect, or good reputation of an existing entity or concept and attempting to share these positive qualities through association with a product, individual, or group, position or program |
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Propaganda strategies: testimonial |
A distinguished or recognized person is used to cast a product, individual or group, position or program in either a positive or negative light ex. use of doctors, celebrities |
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Propaganda strategies: plain folks |
A communicator wishes to convince others that they or their ideas are good or valid since they are similar to everyone else, just ordinary people ex. politicians in casual clothes, dodge trucks, "joe the plumber" |
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Propaganda strategies: Card stacking |
When a presentation uses a selection of facts and distortions, clarifications and confusions, and both logical and illogical statements
Omit contradictory but true information
ex. iraq war, WMD in iraq, political campaigns, history books - the east sea vs. sea of japan |
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Propaganda strategies: bandwagon |
utilizing the notation "everyone is doing it" encouraging others to join or follow
would be foolish to question it - polls, fashion, appeals to tradition, appeals to being up to date |
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Use and gratification theory |
Focuses on why people use particular media rather than on content more concerned with what people do with media ->allowing for a variety of responses and interpretations
why and how people use media for their need and gratification |
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Drama Theory |
Problem structuring method of operations research accounts for emotional responses that can provoke irrational reactions |
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Accumulation Theory |
To view that the impact of any one message on any specific person may be minimal, but consistent, persistent, and documented messages result in minor changes among audiences that gradually add up over time to produce significant chances in society/culture Significant changes can occur over time must be consistent, repeated, and corroborated |
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Social Cognitive Theory |
Deals with cognitive, emotional aspects and aspects of behavior for understanding behavioral change
concepts of SCT provide ways for new behavioral research in health education
ideas for other theoretical areas such as psychology are welcome to provide new insights and understanding |
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Cultivation Theory |
Television shapes concepts of social reality |
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Paul Ekman |
Psychologist and co-discoverer of micro expressions focused on hand movements and gestures researcher and author known for furthering our understanding of nonverbal behavior, encompassing facial expressions and gestures best human lie detector in the world |
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Shalom Schwartz |
Social psychologist, cross-cultural researcher and creator of the theory of basic human values
contributed to the formulation of the values scale in the context of social learning theory and social cognitive theory |
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Geert Hofstede |
Social psychologist known for research of cross-cultural groups and organizations
most notable work has been in developing cultural dimensions theory 5 dimensions power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and long term orientation
Books -> Cultures consequences and cultures and organizations |
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Edward Said |
Public intellectual who helped found the critical-theory field of post colonialism book -> orientalism analyzes the cultural representations that are the basis of orientalism |
