402 Adrenergic Ns

Front 1

what is the summary of adrenergic impulses?

Back 1

impulses: pass throught he brainstem, pass through preganglionic neurons, synapses with postganglionic fibers, release Ner. Ner stimulaes alpha or beta receptors.

Front 2

stimulating alpha1 receptor in pupil of eye radial SM

Back 2

Contraction (mydriasis/dilation)

Front 3

stimulating alpha1 receptor in pupil of eye eyelid SM

Back 3

contraction (raises the eyelid)

Front 4

stimulating alpha1 bladder sphincter

Back 4

(contraction)

Front 5

stimulating alpha1 blood vessels arterioles / veins

Back 5

vasoconstriction(inc tone)

Front 6

stimulating beta2 receptor in bronchial muscles

Back 6

bronchial muscles relaxed (B2 receptors present but not innervated)

Front 7

stimulating beta2 receptor in uterine SM preggo

Back 7

relaxation

Front 8

stimulating beta2 adrenoreceptor in arterioles: skeletal muscle arterioles and cardiac muscle causes what?

Back 8

vasodilation (relaxation)

Front 9

stimulating beta1 receptor in heart SA node

Back 9

increasing firing rate. + chronotropic

Front 10

stimulating beta1 receptor in heart ventricular myocardium

Back 10

increases force of contraction + ionotropic

Front 11

stimulating beta1 receptor in heart AV node

Back 11

increases conduction velocity + dromoptropic

Front 12

stimulating beta1 receptor in kidney

Back 12

renin release

Front 13

stimulating alpha2 receptor in blood platlets

Back 13

aggregation/clots

Front 14

stimulating alpha2 receptor in brain(medulla) causes?

Back 14

central inhibition of sympathetic tone

Front 15

stimulating alpha2 receptor in eye

Back 15

reduces aqueous formation

Front 16

phenylephrine is agonist for

Back 16

alpha1 adrenoreceptor

Front 17

clonidine, dexmedetomidine is agonist for

Back 17

alpha2 adrenoreceptor

Front 18

dobutamine is agonist for

Back 18

beta1 adrenoreceptor

Front 19

albuterol,terbutaline is agonist for

Back 19

beta2 adrenoreceptor

Front 20

what is a direct-acting adrenergic agonist?

Back 20

mimic noradrenergic transmission by activating postsynpatic adrenoceptors specificity is possible. ex) phenylephrine

Front 21

what is an indirect acting adrenergic agonist?

Back 21

elevate levels of the NT ner in the synapses by various means without binding to specific receptors :
displace NE from cytoplsmic sites and into the synpatic cleft
NE transport blockers...with uptake
inhibit the metabolizing oxidase

Front 22

how do mixed acting B2 adrenoreceptors work with agonists?

Back 22

D-(-) ephedrine has desired R configuration at B-OH and s-configuration at the alpha carbon for direct agonist activity at adrenergic receptor...promoting release of NE
ex) 1) Ephedrine
2) Ibopamine
3) Mephentermine
4) Phenylpropanolamine
5) Synephrine (Citrus aurantium or bitter orange)

Front 23

alpha1 adrenoreceptor activation

Back 23

found mostly on vascular SM; agonist make them constrict.

Front 24

beta1 adrenoreceptor activation

Back 24

found mostly in the heart; agonists increase heart rate, force of contraction

Front 25

beta2 adrenoreceptor activation found where and what effect?

Back 25

found on respiratory and uterine SM; agonists relax these muscles

Front 26

what receptors does Ner activate?

Back 26

a1,b1,b3

Front 27

what receptors does epinephrine activate?

Back 27

a1,a2,b1,b2

Front 28

what receptors does isoproterenol activate?

Back 28

b1,b2

Front 29

what is the basis of action for for a pure alpha1 agonist in arterioles and veins: eyes, nose, anesthetics?

Back 29

constricts arterioles and veins;decongests mucous membranes and eyes
decreases diffusion of local anethetics from injection site
decrease superficial bleeding
contact radial smooth muscle of iris for pupil dialtion in eye examis (mydriasis)

Front 30

what is the basis of action for a tx acute hypotension with alpha1 receptor?

Back 30

using a systemically generalized alpha1 vasocontriction, can get inc blood pressure to preserve cerebral and coronary blood flow
in cases where there is not a lot of sympathetic tone

Front 31

what is the basis of action to tx sinus tachycardia (fast HR bc of SA node)?

Back 31

use alpha1 agonist. get reflex bradycardia via increased vagus nerve activity/decreased sympathetic activity
produce vasoconstriction is appropriate here (wtf?)

Front 32

which receptor would stimulate to tx urinary stress incontinence when caused by inc in intra-abdominal pressure?

Back 32

use alpha1 agonist(pseudoephedrine) to inc pressure (tension) exerted by muscles of bladder neck and inc urethral tone
helps bladder neck muscle to contract more strongly
reduced incontinence/bladder retains urine

Front 33

which receptor would stimulate to manage acute asthma attacks?

Back 33

use b2 adrenoceptor agonists to help bronchial dilators relax muscle bands that surround airways

Front 34

which receptor would stimulate to suppres premature labor/relax smooth muscle?

Back 34

use tocolytics / b2 adrenoreceptor agonist.

Front 35

what are toxicity side effects of b2 adrenoreceptor agonists?

Back 35

skeletal muscle tremor

Front 36

which drug could cause rebound hyperemia and what are the effects?

Back 36

alpha1 decongestants like phenylephrine could cause possible receptor desnsitizaion and damge to the mucosa

Front 37

which adrenoreceptor agonist in toxicity cause palpitaitons, tachycardia, angina, a-fib, heart muscle necrosis?

Back 37

beta 1 agonist like debuatmine

Front 38

which adrenoreceptor agonist in toxicity cause hypertension and cerebral hemoorhage (stroke)?

Back 38

alpha1 agonist like phenylephrine

Front 39

how does drugs interefere with SNS centrally acting?

Back 39

direcct alpha2 antagonists, inhibit adenylate cylcalse and lower cAMP levels
reduced sympathetic outflow from the CNS and decreased in peripheral resistance, renal vascular resistance, heart rate, and blood pressure.
inhibit release of NE
clonidine

Front 40

how does drug interefere with SNS activity; catecholamine synthesis?

Back 40

inhibiting rate limiting step in catecholamine trasmitter synthesis
this reduces synthesis of cathcolamines in brain periphery and adrenal medulla. manages HTN of pheochromocytoma.
use metyrosine (tyr fooler)

Front 41

how does drug interfere with SNS; VMATs

Back 41

the drug reserpine inhibits the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) so dopamine can’t get uptake inside the cell and to be synthesized for Ner
Ner then goes to the cytoplasm to get metabolized

Front 42

how do drugs interfere with SNS; blocking NE releease?

Back 42

essentially a pharmacologic sympathectomy which uncouples nerve impulse from release mechanism in sympath nerve terminals and interferes with Ca influx

Front 43

how drug interfere with SNS; ganglionic blockage?

Back 43

compete with Ach to bind with nicotinic receptors of both para and sympath ganglia.

Front 44

what competitive or non-competitive inhibitors bind to adrenoreceptors?

Back 44

alpha and beta blockers

Front 45

what do alpha blockers end in and the subtypes?

Back 45

end in -sin and there are alpha1a and alpha1b

Front 46

effect of alpha1a receptor

Back 46

70-80% of prostate receptors are alpha 1a
stimulation reduces urine flow

Front 47

effect of alpha1b receptor

Back 47

present in blood vesuls
stimulation contracts vascular (blood vessel) SM

Front 48

how does blocking the alpha receptor work in BPH therapy?

Back 48

alpha blockade relaxes urethral, bladder neck, and prostatic muscle tone by clocking alpha receptors
relieve symptoms and improve urinary flow tha thas been impaired by BPH