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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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naturalism |
nature requires for its operations only principles inherent in nature without appeal to supernatural forces |
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purism |
search for knowledge for its own sake |
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nomotheticism |
emphasizing discovery of general laws instead of particular events or people |
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Thales |
First greek philosopher, established physics, primary element = water, first use of naturalist thought |
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Pythagoras |
influenced plato, everything can be explained by numerical relationships, MIND-BODY DUALISM// EQUILIBRIUM |
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Heraclitus |
epistemology, criticized empiricism because everything is subject to CHANGE |
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Socrates |
KNOW THYSELF - individual experience, inductive method |
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Democritus |
atomism, reductionism |
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Plato |
the Rationalist, nativist - truth is inborn |
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Aristotle |
advanced empiricism |
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Aesclepius |
Greek god of medicine |
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Alcmaeon |
illness is a loss of balance, among first to dissect bodies |
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Hippocrates |
father of western medicine, the 4 bodily humors, established ethics code |
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Galen |
extended the 4 humors to be associated with temperament |
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automata |
machines that mimic life with precision and regularity |
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17th to 19th Century Zeitgeist |
mechanism |
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Mechanism |
image of universe as a great machine, originated in physics, introduced by Galileo and Newton |
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Reductionism |
phenomena can be explained by the reduction to their basic components |
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Galileo Galilei |
Subjective properties do not have the same reality as physical properties - atoms affect each other through direct contact |
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Isaac Newton |
movement not by actual physical contact but forces that attract and repel, trained as a clockmaker - standing on shoulders of giants (Robert Hooke) |
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Rene Descartes |
believed the mind is nonmaterial and interacts with the body at a single point - the brain, body is matter with the capacity for movement the body IS a machine THEORY OF REFLEX ACTION, nerves are pipes |
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Spinoza |
God = nature, eliminating distinction between sacred and secular; mind and body 2 sides of same coin |
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John Locke |
tabula rasa, sensation and reflection, DIRECT sensory experience, complex and simple ideas, theory of association |
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Friedrich Bessel |
assisted Kinnebrook - proposal of PERSONAL EQUATION |
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Johannes Muller |
advocated EXPERIMENTAL METHOD, and SPECIFIC NERVE ENERGIES |
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Marshal Hall |
observed movement of decapitated animals, EXTIRPATION |
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Flourens |
debunked phrenology |
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Paul Broca |
CLINICAL METHOD |
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Fritsch and Hitzig |
electrical stimulation technique for studying the brain |
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Franz Josef Gall |
confirmed existence of white and gray matter and corpus callosum - PHRENOLOGY |
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Luigi Galvani |
nerve impulses are electrical |
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Santiago Ramon y Cajal |
direction of travel of the nerve impulse in the brain and spinal cord |
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Hermann von Hemholtz |
invented opthalmoscope and measured speed of neural impulse |
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Ebbinghaus |
read Fechner, the forgetting curve and NONSENSE SYLLABLES |
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Brentano |
Freud took 5 classes with him, ACT psychology, observations rather than experimentation, opposed Wundt's view in book |
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Carl Stumpf |
Wundt's major rival, child psych, PHENOMENOLOGY |
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Kulpe |
psychology is the science of the facts of experience dependent on the experiencing person, IMAGELESS THOUGHT |
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Karl Marbe and Henry Watt |
Kulpe's students |
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Fechner important date |
October 22, 1850 |
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David Hartley |
association by CONTINUITY and REPETITION, law of association |
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James Mill |
the mind IS a machine, the mind is totally passive, no free will or creativity |
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August Compte |
advocated Positivism |
