Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are 6 classes of tumor markers?
|
1. Enzymes
2. Glycoproteins 3. Hormones 4. Hormone receptors 5. Oncofetal proteins 6. Cell markers |
|
|
What are the 8 most commonly encountered cancers?
|
1. Lung cancer
2. Prostate cancer 3. Breast cancer 4. Colorectal cancer 5. Ovarian cancer 6. Cervical cancer 7. Testicular cancer 8. Liver cancer |
|
|
What tumor markers assoc. w/: -benign prostatic hyperplasia?
-prostate cancer? |
BPH: PSA 1+
Prostate: PSA 3+, BRCA-1 1+ |
|
|
What tumor markers assoc. w/:
Breast cancer? |
BRCA-1 and 2
Estrogen/Progest receptors HER2/neu CA 15-3 CEA, CA 19-9, CA-125 |
|
|
What tumor markers assoc. w/:
Stomach cancer? |
CEA
CA 19-9 |
|
|
What tumor markers assoc. w/:
Colorectal, Lung, and Ovarian |
All have: BCRA-1, CA 15-3, CEA, CA 19-9, and CA-125.
Differences: -Lung does not have BCRA-1 -Pancreas has BCRA-2 inst of 1 -Colorectal has 3+ CEA -Ovarian has 3+ CA125 -Pancreas has 3+ CA 19-9 |
|
|
What tumor markers assoc. w/:
Testicular cancer? |
-Beta-hCG --> 3+
-AFP/AFP-L3 --> 3+ |
|
|
What tumor markers assoc. w/:
Liver cancer? |
-CEA --> 1+
-AFP/AFP-L3 --> 1+ |
|
|
What are 3 screensfor prostate cancer?
|
1. Digital rectal exam DRE
2. Prostatic acid phosph. PAP 3. Prostate specific antigen PSA |
|
|
What is PSA?
|
a kallikrein enzyme in serum, urine, and semen.
|
|
|
How does PSA exist in the body, and what is the dominant form foundin in prostate cancer?
|
Free
Complexed as PSA-ACT or PSA-MAC. Dominant: PSA-ACT |
|
|
What is the normal PSA ref range?
|
< 4 ng/ml
|
|
|
How is the need for biopsy determined?
|
-If the PSA is >10 and DRE pos, always biopsy.
-If PSA is 4-9.9 and DRE pos, biopsy. -If PSA is 4-9.9 and DRE neg, Usually biopsy. -If PSA is 4 and DRE is neg, Watchful waiting. |
|
|
What are the options for colorectal cancer screening?
|
-Colonoscopy
-Occult blood -Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) -CA 19-9 |
|
|
What is CEA, and what is it used for?
|
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
-Only for MONITORING colon cancer, NOT for diagnosis. -only in 50% of colon ca. |
|
|
what are 3 methodologies for tumor marker assays?
|
1. Histologic
2. Molecular 3. Immunogenic |
