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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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regeneration
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regrowth of a lost of injured body part
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parthenogenesis
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development of UNfertilized egg into an adult. Organism develops from a haploid cell, so all of its cells will be haploid.
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Pathway of sperm
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SEVEN UP
seminiferous tubules epididymis vas deference ejaculatory duct (nothing) urethra penis |
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testes
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male gonads with two function components:
- semiferous tubules - interstitial cells (cells of Lidig) - located in scrotum |
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sertoli cells
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nourish sperm that are made in the seminiferous tubules
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interstitial cells
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located between seminiferous tuvules
- secrete testosterone and other androgens (male sex hormones) |
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scrotum
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extern pouch that holds the testes
- maintains testes temp 2-4 degrees lower than body temp, which is necessary for sperm survival |
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epididymis
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here, sperm acquire motility, mature, and are stored until ejaculation
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seminal fluid
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mixed with sperm
- produced by 3 glands and 3 components: 1- seminal vesicles: secrete a fructose-rich fluid that serves as energy for sperm 2- prostate gland: secrete alkaline milky fluid that protects sperm from acidic environment of female reproductive tract 3- bulbourethral glands: secrete viscous fluid prior to ejaculation - |
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semen
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sperm + seminal fluid
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spermatogenesis
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sperm production that occurs in seminferous tubules
- spermatogonia (2N) (differentiate) - 1o spermatocytes (2N) (meiosis I) - 2o spermatocytes (N) (meiosis II) - spermatids (N) - spermatozoa (N) = mature |
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acrosome
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enzyme in cap-like head of sperm (derived from Golgi) and is needed to penetrate egg
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ovaries
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female gonads
- produce ova (eggs) - secrete estrogen and progesterone |
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follicle
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multilayered sac that contains, nourishes, and protects immature ova
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oogenesis
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occurs in ovarian follicles
- 1o oocyte (2N) form by mitosis and found at birth - 2o oocyte (N) form by meiosis I and found after menarche (fertilization --> meiosis II) |
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zona pellucida
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inner layer of cells of oocyte
- acrosome responsible for penetrating it |
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corona radiata
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outer later of cells in oocyte
- first barrier sperm must peneratrate by sperm enzymes (not acrosome) |
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Meiosis II 2o oocyte triggered when...
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zona pellucida and corona radiate are penetrated by sperm (i.e. fertilization)
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mature ovum contains...
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lots of cytoplasm, RNA, organelles, and nutrients for a developing embryo
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fertilization
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- occurs in later, widest portion of fallopian tube
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acrosomal reaction
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- triggers a cortical reaction in ovum:
- Ca2+ released into cytoplasm initiation formation of fertilization membrane and stimulates increased metabolic rate |
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fertilization membrane
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- hard layer that surrounds the ocum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations
- formed by Ca2+ release by ovum in response to acrosome |
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monozygotic twins
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identical twins
- result when a single zygote splits into two embryos - splitting occurs at the two-cell stage of development |
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dizygotic twins
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fraternal twins
- result when two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and are fertilized by two different sperm |
