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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prokaryotic Cells
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doesn't have a membrane bound nucleus or organelles.
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Monera
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What kingdom are prokaryotic cells part of?
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nucleoid region
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Where is the genetic material located for prokaryotic cells?
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Glycocalyx
Capsule (slime layer) Flagella Cell Wall Plasma membrane Fluid mosaic model (phospholipid bilayer) Chromatophores Nuclear material Ribosomes Cytoplasmic Inclusions Magnetosomes Endospores |
Name the prokaryotic cell structures.
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Glycocalyx
Capsule (slime layer) |
A layer of gelatinous material covering the cell.
inhibit phagocytosis and allows for adhesion. Composition varies with species: Polypeptides Polysaccharides Glycoprotein |
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1. adhesion to surfaces
2. Osmotic barriers 3. Protect bacteria from phagocytosis 4. Storage of nutrients (under starvation only) |
What are the functions of the capsule (slime layer) of the prokaryotic cell?
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Flagella or Flagellum
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Locomotion/Motility
Peritrichous Amphitrichous Monotrichous Lophotrichous |
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Fimbrae and Pili
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Small hair-like projections
not meant for motility sexual conjugation Surface adhesion Bacteriophage |
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sexual conjugation
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Pili form tubes for transfer of genetic material.
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Bacteriophage
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bacteria eating virus
have receptors some viruses attach to pili. |
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cell wall
peptidoglycan |
1. Maintains the shape of the cell.
2. Physical protection 3. Enables the cell to escape rupture (lysis) in a hypotonic environment. Lattice/Net-like structure. Consists of ___________ units that repeat over and over. |
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Gram Positive structure
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Many layers of peptidoglycan. Forms a thick rigid structure. Contain teichoic acid.
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Gram Negative structure
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Thin layer of peptidoglycan. Looser lattice (less rigid cell wall). High lipid content. No teichoic acid.
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Plasma Membrane of prokaryotic cell.
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1. Regulates diffusion in and out of the cell.
2. Contains active transport system. 3. Site of enzymes involved in ATP production. |
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Fluid mosaic model
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Phospholipid bilayer
A "dynamic" arrangement of phospholipids and proteins. |
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Chromatophores
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Contain chlorophyll
Only found in photosynthetic bacteria |
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Nuclear material
plasmids |
1 chromosome (DNA) loose in the cytoplasm in the nucleoid region. Bacteria often contain small circular, double-stranded DNA molecules called ________.
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Ribosomes
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Granules scattered throughout the cytoplasm.
Assemble A.A.'s into polypeptides (protein synthesis) |
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Cytoplasmic Inclusions
phosphate phosphate granules. |
Accumulated stored materials:
1. Metachromatic granules (volution) stored form of _________ or _________ _________. 2. Polysaccharide granules 3. Lipid inclusions |
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Magnetosomes
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Inclusions of iron oxide.
Act like magnets May protect cells from accumulation of hydrogen peroxide. |
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Endospores
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Highly resistant structure.
Produced by certain bacteria. All members of the family Bacillaceae produce _________. eg. clostridium |
