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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the inferoposterior portion of the abdomen that serves as a transition from trunk to lower limb?
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pelvis
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What is the function of the bony pelvis?
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protects distal digestive and urinary tracts and internal reproductive organs, serves as attachment site for spine above and limbs below
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Where is the perineum?
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between thighs and extends from tip of coccyx to pubis
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What does the perineum include in men? women?
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anus, penis scrotum
anus and vulva |
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What are the boundaries of the greater pelvis?
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from iliac crests inferiorly to pelvic brim
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What are the boundaries of the lesser pelvis?
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from pelvic brim to pelvic diaphragm
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Describe the location of the pelvic brim or inlet?
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marked by sacral promontory, arcuate line and pectineal line and upper edge of pubic symphysis
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How many bones form the bony pelvis? What are they?
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4
2 os coxi (hip bones), sacrum and coccyx |
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What forms the hip bones (os coxi)? When does fusion of these bones occur?
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fusion of three bones-ilium, ischium, pubis
age 15-20 |
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How many fused vertebrae make up the sacrum?
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5
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What is the sacral promontory? What covers it?
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anterosuperior most portion of the sacrum just below the juntion of the sacrum w/ the 5th lumbar vertebrae
covered w/ broad anterior longitudinal spinal ligament |
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What is the clinical significance of the sacral promontory?
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protrudes into the pelvic inlet and is the most limiting dimension of the pelvic inlet (anteroposterior direction)
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What makes up the coccyx?
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fusion of 4 rudimentary vertebrae
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What are 3 ways of measuring the dimensions of the pelvic inlet? What is the common measuring spot in all 3? What varies?
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anatomical, true (obstetric), and diagonal conjugate
-sacral promontory -different spots on pubic symphysis |
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What part of the pubic symphysis do you measure from when measuring the anatomical conjugate diameter? true (obstetrical)? diagonal?
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-superior surface
-inner surface -inferior surface |
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What is an estimate of the true obstetric conjugate?
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diagonal conjugate
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What is a way to estimate the diagonal conjugate?
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trans-vaginal palpation
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What is the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet?
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inferior surface of pubic symphysis and tip of coccyx
is about 9.5cm |
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What is the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet?
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13cm
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Where is the sacral hiatus? What marks it on each side?
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on posterior surface at the end of the sacral canal
inferior sacral cornu are on each side |
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What covers the sacral hiatus?
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posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
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What is the sacral hiatus used for clinically?
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to gain access to caudal epidural space for injuection
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What level does the dural sac terminate? spinal cord?
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S2
L2 |
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What does the body of the ilium help form?
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acetabulum for the femur head
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What originates at the ASIS?
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inguinal ligament
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What does the ilium articulate with?
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sacrum
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Where is the ischium located with regard to the pelvis?
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posterior inferior, what you sit on
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What part of the ischium helps create the obturator foramen?
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ramus
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What are the parts of the ischium?
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ramus, ischial tuberosities (2), body, ischial spines
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What parts of the pelvis help form the acetabulum?
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body of ischium and body of ilium and superior ramus of the pubis
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What attaches to the ischial spines?
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sacrospinous ligament
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What is superior to the ischial spine? inferior?
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s-greater sciatic notch
i-inferior sciatic notch |
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Where is the pubis located?
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inferior and anterior
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What are the parts of the pubis?
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superior and inferior ramus, body, pubic crest, pubic tubercle
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What helps create the obturator foramen?
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ramus of ischium, and superior and inferior rami of pubis
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What 2 things does the superior ramus of the pubis help create?
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obturator foramen and acetabulum
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Where is the pubic tubercle located? What is it an attachment for?
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lateral edge of pubic crest
attachemnt for inguinal ligament |
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What is the subpubic angle? What is the average for men? women?
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angle below the pubic symphysis to the ischial tuberosities
men-60 degrees' women-90 deg |
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What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?
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anterior-inferior margin of pubic symphysis
anterolaterally-inferior ramus of pubis and ischial tuberosities posterolaterally-sacrotuberous ligaments posteriorly-tip of coccyx |
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In the anatomical position which two parts of the pelvis are vertical?
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ASIS and pubic symphysis
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Describe the difference between the greater pelvis in males vs females. true pelvis?
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men-deeper and narrow
women-shallower and wider |
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Describe the shape of the pelvic brim (inlet) in females and males.
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females-oval and rounded
males-heart-shaped |
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Is the pelivc outlet lareger in females or males?
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females
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Describe the shape of the sacrum in females and males.
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females-straighter
males-more concave anteriorly |
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Define gynecoid.
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typical female shaped pelvis
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Define android.
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typical male shaped pelvis
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Define anthropoid.
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pelvis w/ elongated anterior to posterior dimension, similar to man's ancestors
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Define platypelloid.
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broad pelvis w/ a subpubic angle greater than 90 degrees
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What commonly occurs in pelvic fractures?
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displacement of pubic symphysis posteriorly
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Name the 2 pelvic joints.
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lubosacral and sacrococcygeal
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What are the two portions of the lubosacral joint? Name the facet joint.
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intervertebral disc between L5 and sacrum and two posterior zygapophyseal (facet joints)
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What type of a joint is the sacrococcygeal joint?
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fibrocartilaginous
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What helps to strengthen the sacrococcygeal joint?
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the anterior and posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
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What type of a joint is the sacroiliac joint?
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both fibrous and synovial
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What does the sacroiliac joint do?
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transfers weight of the vertebral column to the pelvis
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What stabilizes the sacroiliac joint?
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interosseous ligaments and posterior and anterior sacroiliac ligaments
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What type of a joint is the pubic symphysis?
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fibrocartilaginous
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What helps stabilize the pubic symphysis?
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superior and inferior pubic ligaments
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During pregnancy what hormones are released that help degrade the collagen fibers of the pelvis? What joint is particularly affected?
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progesterone and relaxin
pubic symphysis |
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From where does the pelvic inlet (or brim) extend? Which conjugae diameter does this correspond with? What is the average length?
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internal superior portion of pubic symphysis, posteriorly to sacral promontory
anatomical conjugate 11.5cm |
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From where does the pelvic outlet extend? What is the average length?
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anteriorly from the internal inferior portion of the pubic symphysis, posteriorly tot he tip of the coccyx
9.5cm |
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What is the average distance of the transverse pelvic inlet in women?
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13-14 cm
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What makes up the anterior portion of the pelvic wall?
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body and ramus of pubic bone and pubic symphysis
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What is located laterally in the pelvic wall?
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greater pelvis ala of ilium w/ iliacus muscle; true pelvis-obturator internus muscle
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Where does the obturator internus muscle exit the pelvis? What does it attach to? What is its action?
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lesser sciatic foramen
greater trochanter of femur laterally rotates leg |
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What is located in the posterior portion of the pelvic wall?
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sacrum, coccyx, part of ilia, sacroiliac joints and ligaments, piriformis muscle
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Where does the piriformis muscle exit the pelivs? What does it attach to? What is its action?
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greater sciatic foramen
anterior surface of sacrum and greater trochanter of femus lateral rotation of leg |
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What forms the pelvic diaphragm?
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levator ani and coccygeus muscle
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The pelvic diaphragm stretches from the _____ anteriorly to the _____ posteriorly and is laterally attached to ________.
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a-pubic symphysis
p-coccyx l-obturator internus muscle |
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What are the three parts of the levator ani?
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pubococcygeus, puborectalis, iliococcygeus
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What is the largest part of the levator ani? What does it attach to?
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pubococcygeus, attached from body of pubis to coccyx (bone to bone)
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What is the puborectalis attached to?
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medial body of pubis, forms a U-shaped muscular sling around the anorectal junction
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What is the slimmest portion of the levator ani? What does it attach to?
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iliococcygeus
from tendinous arch of fascia on top of obturator internus and ischial spine to the coccyx |
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What does the coccygeus muscle attach to? What is it innervated by?
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from ischial spine to distal sacrum and coccyx
S4 (some S3 or 5) |
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What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?
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maintains proper positioning of pelvic organs, essential for maintaining abdominal and thoracic pressure during micturation, defecation, parturition, and heavy lifting
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What muscle aids in maintaining fecal continence?
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puborectalis
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What muscle is contracted during Kegal exercises?
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pubococcygeus
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Which muscle can be torn while giving birth? Compromised functions of this muscle can lead to what?
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pubococcygeus
urinary stress incontinence, can contribute to uterine prolapse |
