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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allergic reactions
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IgE antibodies bind to mast cells. Histamines and other inflammatory chemicals are released.
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Anaphylactic shock
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Extreme allergic reaction, histamines and prostaglandins cause leaky capillaries and dilate arterioles. Blood volume drops as plasma leaves blood stream and enters tissues.
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Stages of shock
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Compensation
Low BP Shock (Hypoperfusion) |
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Shock: Compensation
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Increased pulse and breathing rate as heart tries to perfuse low supply of blood through body.
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Shock: Low BP
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Heart is failing to perfuse blood adequately, blood is thickening and losing its ability to perfuse.
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Shock: hypoperfusion
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Low perfusion of blood causes toxins and CO2 to build up in tissues. Acidic blood, airway may close as tongue relaxes.
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Autoimmunity
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Body attacks self tissues.
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Osteoarthritis
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Positive feedback loop. There is an injury which triggers feeding activity of macrophages. Low-grade inflammation causes macrophages to continue feeding for months or years. Healthy cartilage gradually consumed.
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Immune response against collagen in joints. Macrophages and T-cells consume cartilage at joints. Joint inflames, fills with synovial fluid. Bone forms spurs, limiting movement and causing pain. Positive feedback loop.
Usually genetic disease. |
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
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B-cells produce antibodies that mark body's self-tissues. Macrophages destroy self tissues such as skin, kidneys, even DNA.
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Diabetes mellitus
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Type 1
Diet, lifestyle, viral infection, or other can cause the immune system to destroy insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas. |
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Multiple sclerosis
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Immune system destroys myelin sheath. Motor neurons become dysfunctional, impulses scatter, movement becomes difficult.
Not sure of cause. |
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Immunodeficiency
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AIDS, caused by HIV retrovirus.
Transmitted through body fluids. B-cells do make antibodies to HIV, which can be detected by HIV test. HIV infects cells of the immune system. Viral DNA is integrated into host's DNA Lysogenic window phase, viral DNA multiplies, no symptoms. Lytic phase, viral DNA becomes active. New viruses transcribed from DNA Outbreak. New HIV viruses bud from infected host cell. |
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Symptoms of Immunodeficiency
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Masses of infected cells gather in lymph nodes--enlarged lymph nodes.
Few helper T-cells and macrophages to fight normal antigens--cannot combat foreign antigens and cancer. |
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Cancer common in AIDS patients.
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Reverse Transcriptase enzymes
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In HIV virus, convert the virus RNA into DNA.
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