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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PRONOUNS
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words that substitute for nouns
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ANTECEDENT
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The word to which a pronoun refers (whose place it takes)
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PRONOUN/ANTECEDENT
AGREEMENT |
When both the pronoun and antecedent are either singular or both plural
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GENDER AGREEMENT
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The pronouns he,his,she,her,it and its most agree in gender with their antecedents. ex: Elvis had a bond with HIS mother.
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INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
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Pronouns that refer to nonspecific persons or things
-treat all indefinite pronouns as singular |
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HOW TO CORRECT
INDEFINITE PRONOUN ERROR |
-replace the plural pronoun with he,she,his or her
-make the antecedent plural -rewrite the sentence |
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GENERIC NOUN
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A noun that represents a typical member of a group. ex: every runner, any lawyer
-Generic nouns are singular |
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COLLECTIVE NOUNS
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Nouns that name a class or group.
-singular if functioning as unit -plural if functioning as individual |
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COMPOUND ANTECEDENTS
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AND..=plural
BY or NOR..make the pronoun agree with the nearer antecedent. if one sing/one plural..put plural last |
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AMBIQUOUS PRONOUNS
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Occurs when a pronoun could refer to two possible antecedents
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IMPLIED REFERENCE
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A pronoun must refer to a specific antecedent, not to a word that is implied but not present in the sentence.
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MODIFIERS NOT
ANTECEDENTS |
Modifiers, such as possessives, cannot serve as antecedents. ex: In In J.R. TOLKIEN'S TRILOGY, he WRITES...s/b J.R. TOLKIEN WRITES ..not...he writes
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BROAD REFERENCE
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For clarity, the pronouns this,that,which and it should ordinarily refer to SPECIFIC antecedents rather than to whole ideas or sentences.
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THEY
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Do not use 'they' to refer indefinitely to persons who have not been mentioned.
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IT
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The word 'it' should not be used indefinitely in constructions such as "In the article IT says....
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YOU
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The pronoun 'you' is appropriate when the writer is addressing the reader directly. ---used as an indefinite you (meaning anyone in general) tacky! tacky! no-no!
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SUBJECTIVE CASE
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Pronouns functioning as subjects (used as subject or subject complement) I, you,he,she,it,we,you,they
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OBJECTIVE CASE
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Pronouns functioning as objects (used as a D.O., I.O., object of preposition) me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them
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POSSESSIVE CASE
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Pronouns functioning as possessives me,your,his,her,its,our,your,
their |
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APPOSITIVE
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Noun phrase that renames noun or pronoun. It has the same function as the word it renames.
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WE, US
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When deciding whether we or us should precede a noun, choose the pronoun that would be appropriate if the noun were omitted.
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THAN / AS
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Verbs are often omitted in comparisons beginning with THAN or AS. Simply mentally complete the sentence by adding a verb back on to check for correctness.
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INFINITIVE SUBJECTS AND OBJECTS
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Subjects and Objects of Infinitives (to _____) must be in the objective case.
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GERUNDS REQUIRE
POSSESSIVE CASE MODIFIES |
Gerunds (-ing) always require possessive case modifiers (my,our,your,his,her,its,their)
-if nouns are used add ' 's ' to make possessive |
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WHO / WHOEVER
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who and whoever are subjective case pronouns and are used for subjects and subject complements. (exception..when pronoun functions as subject of infinitive)
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WHOM / WHOMEVER
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whom and whomever are objective case pronouns and are used for objects.
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