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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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163. Mucopolysaccharides are important in connective tissue because they provide
A. Viscosity B. Hydrogen ion buffering C. Calcium buffering D. Calcification precipitation points E. A hydrophobic environment |
Viscosity
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164. Which of the following is NOT a component of proteoglycans?
A. Chondroitin sulfate B. Dermatan sulfate C. Heparan sulfate D. Keratan sulfate E. All of the above are components of proteoglycans |
All of the above are components of proteoglycans
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165. Glycosaminoglycans are attached to core protein on which amino acid R group?
A. Aspartate B. Glycine C. Serine D. Threonine E. Lysine |
Serine
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166. Core proteins attach to hyaluronate by
A. Covalent bonds B. Hydrogen bonds C. Van der Waals bonds D. Covalent bonds to a link protein E. Non-covalent bonds to a link protein |
Non-covalent bonds to a link protein
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167. Which post-translational modification of proteoglycans makes them more hydrophilic?
A. Carboxylation B. Sulfation C. Condensation D. All of the above E. A and B, but not C |
A and B, but not C
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168. Which of the following glycosaminoglycans is typically found in the basal lamina?
A. Keratan sulfate B. Dermatan sulfate C. Heparan sulfate D. Chondroitin sulfate E. Dextran sulfate |
Heparan sulfate
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169. Proteoglycans
A. Consist of a core protein and many glycosaminoglycans B. Are covalently bound to hyaluronate in the extracellular matrix C. Are primarily composed of serine and xylose D. Provide tensile strength to tissues E. Are usually very negatively charged |
Are usually very negatively charged
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170. Which of the following would you least likely expect to see in a glycosaminoglycan?
A. Glucuronate B. Glucosamine C. Allysine D. Iduronate E. Galactosamine |
Allysine
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171. Which of the following is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan in the body?
A. Hyaluronate B. Chondroitin sulfate C. Dermatan sulfate D. Heparan sulfate E. Keratan sulfate |
Chondroitin sulfate
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172. An important role of sulfate in many glycosaminoglycans is
A. To form disulfide bridges B. To repel neighboring collagen molecules C. To attract positive ions and water D. To form covalent bonds with cell surface receptors E. All of the above are important functions of sulfate |
To attract positive ions and water
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173. Where are you apt to find high concentrations of proteoglycans?
A. Bone B. Vitreous fluid C. Liver D. Intervertebral discs E. Teeth |
Intervertebral discs
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174. The source of amine groups added to glycosyl units in glycosaminoglycans is
A. Glutamine B. Urea C. Glucosamine D. Ammonia E. Carbamoyl phosphate |
Glutamine
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175. Which of the following is NOT a polysaccharide made of just one glucosyl type?
A. Amylose B. Glycogen C. Chitin D. Heparin E. Cellulose |
Heparin
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176. Following analysis of the proteoglycan contents of cartilage, which would you NOT expect to find?
A. Protein B. Sulfate esters C. Heparan sulfate D. Chondroitin sulfate E. Chondroitin |
Heparan sulfate
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177. Hyaluronan
A. consists of alternating glucuronate and N-acetylglucosamine B. contains both glucose and fructose C. is comprised of alternating glucuronate and N-acetylgalactosamine D. contains heparan sulfate E. is an unbranched polymer of N-acetylgalactosamine |
consists of alternating glucuronate and N-acetylglucosamine
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178. Which glycosaminoglycan is NOT synthesized on a protein?
A. Hyaluronan B. Heparin C. Heparan sulfate D. Chondroitin sulfate E. Keratan sulfate |
Hyaluronan
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179. Which of the following does NOT contain glucuronate?
A. Dextran B. Hyaluronan C. Heparin D. Heparan sulfate E. Chondroitin sulfate |
Dextran
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180. A sulfate deficiency would NOT affect the synthesis of
A. Heparin B. Heparan sulfate C. Dermatan sulfate D. Hyaluronan E. Keratan |
Hyaluronan
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181. The most common type of glycosaminoglycan in cartilage is
A. Collagen B. Hyaluronan C. Chondroitin sulfate D. Fibronectin E. Keratan |
Chondroitin sulfate
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182. Glucuronate differs from glucose by the presence of
A. a pyranose ring B. a carboxyl group added at carbon 6 C. an amine group added at carbon 1 D. a sulfate group added at carbon 2 E. a second, sulfated glucose added to carbon 1 |
a carboxyl group added at carbon 6
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183. Aggrecan is
A. stretchable B. compressible C. hydrophobic D. covalently bound to core protein E. cross-linked to collagen by lysyl covalent bonds |
compressible
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184. The proteoglycans on surfaces of basement membranes often serve to
A. repel water B. act as receptors for signal proteins C. regulate filtration across the basement membrane D. separate bone and cartilage E. stimulate elastin synthesis |
regulate filtration across the basement membrane
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185. Which of the following inhibits the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin?
A. Heparin B. Heparan sulfate C. Keratan sulfate D. Chondroitin sulfate E. Hyaluronate |
Heparin
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186. Proteoglycans
A. Consist of a core protein and one or more glycosaminoglycans B. Are covalently bound to hyaluronate in the extracellular matrix C. Are primarily composed of serine and xylose D. Provide tensile strength to tissues E. Are primarily uncharged |
Consist of a core protein and one or more glycosaminoglycans
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187. Which of the following would you least likely expect to see in a glycosaminoglycan?
A. Glucuronate B. Glucosamine C. Allysine D. Iduronate E. Galactosamine |
Allysine
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188. Which of the following is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan in the body?
A. Hyaluronate B. Chondroitin sulfate C. Dermatan sulfate D. Heparan sulfate E. Keratan sulfate |
Chondroitin sulfate
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189. An important role of sulfate in many glycosaminoglycans is
A. To form disulfide bridges B. To repel neighboring collagen molecules C. To attract positive ions and water D. To form covalent bonds with cell surface receptors E. All of the above are important functions of sulfate |
To attract positive ions and water
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190. Where are you apt to find high concentrations of proteoglycans?
A. Bone B. Vitreous fluid C. Liver D. Intervertebral discs E. Teeth |
Intervertebral discs
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191. Glycosaminoglycans are an important component of
A. Glycogen B. Starch C. Cellulose D. Hyaluronidase E. Connective tissue |
Connective tissue
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192. Which glycosaminoglycan is NOT found bound to protein?
A. Heparan sulfate B. Heparin C. Hyaluronan D. Keratan sulfate E. Chondroitin sulfate |
Hyaluronan
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193. Which sugar would be least expected to be least abundant in a glycosaminoglycan?
A. Galactose B. Glucuronate C. Iduronate D. Acetylgalactosamine E. Acetylglucosamine |
Galactose
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194. Hyaluronan consists of repeating units of
A. Glucose and fructose B. Glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine C. Galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine D. Glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine E. Glucuronic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine-4-sulfate |
Glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine
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195. In nature most glycosaminoglycans are synthesized on protein cores to form proteoglycans. Which is not?
A. Hyaluronan B. Chondroitin sulfate C. Heparin D. Keratan sulfate E. Heparan sulfate |
Hyaluronan
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196. Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate (PAPS)
A. Is involved in biosynthesis of hyaluronan B. Is required for elongation of chondroitin sulfate C. Is a substrate for biosynthesis of the amino acid cysteine D. Is the donor for sulfoesters on heparin E. Is required to convert sulfite to sulfate |
Is the donor for sulfoesters on heparin
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197. Which is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan found in cartilages?
A. Glycogen B. Heparan sulfate C. Collagen D. Hyaluronan E. Chondroitin sulfate |
Chondroitin sulfate
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198. All of the following statements concerning sulfoesters are true EXCEPT
A. Sulfoesters on aggrecan are essential for normal skeletal growth B. Sulfoesters are contributors of anionic charge on proteoglycans C. Sulfoesters are always present on hexosamines in glycosaminoglycans D. Sulfoesters on corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycans are essential to maintain normal transparency E. Sulfoesters on heparan sulfate proteoglycans influence permeability in kidney glomeruli |
Sulfoesters are always present on hexosamines in glycosaminoglycans
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199. The proteoglycan aggrecan
A. Binds directly to collagen fibrils B. Contains hyaluronan as its primary glycosaminoglycan C. Has a large domain structure responsible for tensile properties of cartilage D. Is reversibly compressible because of its polyanionic glycosaminoglycan chains E. Binds non-covalently with chondroitin sulfate to form aggregates |
Is reversibly compressible because of its polyanionic glycosaminoglycan chains
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200. Which statement about glycosaminoglycans is INCORRECT?
A. GAGs are unbranched polypeptide chains B. GAGs often contain many sulfates C. GAGs often contain uronic acid D. GAGs are highly negatively charged E. All of the above are correct |
GAGs are unbranched polypeptide chains
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201. Which of the following is NOT a difference between hyaluronan and other GAGs?
A. Hyaluronan contains no sulfate, while other GAGs do B. Hyaluronan is larger than other GAGs C. Hyaluronan is less complex than other GAGs D. Hyaluronan is synthesized while connected to a protein, while other GAGs are not E. All of the above are differences between hyaluronan and other GAGs |
Hyaluronan is synthesized while connected to a protein, while other GAGs are not
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202. Following digestion of a protein you find many proline, glycine and hydroxylysine molecules, making you believe that this protein was
A. Collagen B. Integrin C. Elastin D. Hyaluronan E. Chondroitin sulfate |
Collagen
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203. The largest glycosaminoglycan is
A. Chondroitin sulfate B. Heparan sulfate C. Keratan sulfate D. Hyaluronan E. Heparin |
Hyaluronan
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204. An important function of glycosaminoglycans is to produce
A. Tensile strength in tendons B. Tensile strength in bone C. Elasticity in tendons D. Filtration in the kidney E. Turgor for cushioning in many tissues |
Turgor for cushioning in many tissues
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205. Which of the following is NOT a difference between hyaluronan and other glycosaminoglycans?
A. It is protein-bound, while the others are not B. It is very large, while the others are smaller C. It contains no sulfate, while the others do D. It consists of glucuronate and N-acetylglucosamine, and the others use different dissacharides E. All of the above are differences between hyaluronate and other GAGs |
It is protein-bound, while the others are not
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206. Which is the most common GAG?
A. Heparin B. Chondroitin sulfate C. Dermatan sulfate D. Heparan sulfate E. Keratan sulfate |
Chondroitin sulfate
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207. Proteoglycans
A. Consist of a core protein and at least one GAG covalently bound to it B. Are glycoproteins C. Include aggrecan, a major constituent of cartilage D. Can serve as cell surface receptors E. All of the above |
All of the above
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208. Chondroitin sulfate is most abundant in
A. Bile B. Plasma C. Cartilage D. Aqueous humor E. Urine |
Cartilage
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209. Each of the following is a normal constituent of proteoglycans EXCEPT
A. Keratan sulfate B. Dermatan sulfate C. Heparan sulfate D. Chondroitin sulfate E. Dextran sulfate |
Dextran sulfate
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210. Proteoglycans are highly hydrated because
A. they contain many negative charges which attract cations and water B. the amino acids in the core protein are very hydrophilic C. shear forces drive water molecules into the GAG region D. the β(1,4) glycosyl bond is hydrophilic E. the sugar moieties are not branched |
they contain many negative charges which attract cations and water
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211. Glycosaminoglycan chains are covalently attached to core protein by attaching to OH-containing side chains in the core protein. Which amino acid residues are the GAGs most commonly attached to?
A. Glutamate B. Serine C. Proline D. Alanine E. Tyrosine |
Serine
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212. The covalent crosslinks between collagen fibrils are formed by the enzyme
A. Prolyl hydroxylase B. Lysyl oxidase C. Collagenase D. Carbonic anhydrase E. Thrombin |
Lysyl oxidase
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