4. Endocrine Lab

Front 1

What part of the anterior pituitary are colloid-filled spaces seen in?

Back 1

Pars intermedia

Front 2

What is anterior to the Pars intermedia? Posterior?

Back 2

Anterior = Pars distalis
Posterior = Pars nervosa

Front 3

What is the main difference in appearance of the Pars distalis versus nervosa?

Back 3

Pars distalis = cellular
Pars nervosa = wispy due to unmyelinated axons

Front 4

What are the 3 types of cells in the anterior pituitary?

Back 4

-Acidophils
-Basophils
-Chromophobes

Front 5

How can you distinguish the cell types in the anterior pit without immunostain?

Back 5

Chromophobes = lacy/weak stained
A/Basophils = darkly stained

Front 6

What is the best way to distinguish them?

Back 6

With immunostain

Front 7

What do the nuclei seen in the neurohypophysis belong to?

Back 7

Pituicytes

Front 8

What are pituicytes?

Back 8

Neuroglial supporting cells

Front 9

Where are the cell bodies of the neurosecretory cells in the pars nervosa located?

Back 9

In the PVN and SON of the hypothalamus

Front 10

What do the axons in the posterior pit release?

Back 10

Oxytocin and Vasopressin

Front 11

What does the pancreas look like?

Back 11

The parotid

Front 12

What are both the pancreas and parotid made up of?

Back 12

Serous acini

Front 13

How can you obviously distinguish the pancreas from parotid?

Back 13

By seeing the islets of langerhans

Front 14

Where are intralobular ducts more easily seen?

Back 14

In the parotid

Front 15

What ducts does the parotid have that the pancreas doesnt?

Back 15

Striated

Front 16

Where would you find
-Intralobular ducts
-Interlobular ducts

Back 16

Intra - within lobules
Inter - within CT septations

Front 17

What type of cell does the Pancreas have that the parotid doesn't?

Back 17

Centroacinar cells

Front 18

What are the important endocrine secreting units of the pancreas?

Back 18

Pancreatic islets (of langerhans)

Front 19

Can the different hormone secreting cell types be distinguished?

Back 19

No

Front 20

What are the 4 cell types in the pancreatic islets, and what does each secrete?

Back 20

Alpha - glucagon
Beta - insulin
Delta - somatostatin
F - pancreatic polypeptide

Front 21

What is the outermost covering of the adrenal glands?

Back 21

A connective tissue capsule

Front 22

What are the 2 broad areas of the adrenal gland?

Back 22

-Cortex
-Medulla

Front 23

What is the cortical zone of cells just beneath the capsule?

Back 23

Zona glomerulosa

Front 24

What can be seen in cells of the Zona glomerulosa and especially fasciculata?

Back 24

Frothiness

Front 25

Why are the cells frothy?

Back 25

Because these cells contain cholesterol and CEs that supply the precursor for steroid synthesis.

Front 26

What are the 2 hormones synthesized by the Zona glomerulosa and fasciculata?

Back 26

-Mineralcorticoids
-Glucocorticoids

Front 27

Which zone is the target for ACTH?

Back 27

Zona fasciculata

Front 28

To what cells do the elongated flattened nuclei in the Zona fasciculata belong?

Back 28

Sinusoidal capillary endothelial cells

Front 29

What are the cells in the zona reticularis like?

Back 29

Small, with few lipid droplets, and darkly staining.

Front 30

What are 3 organelles that are prominent features of steroid-secreting cells?

Back 30

-Tubolovesicular mitochondria
-smooth ER
-Lipid droplets

Front 31

What are the secretory products of the adrenal medulla?

Back 31

-Epinephrine
-Norepinephrine

Front 32

What are the 2 cell types in the parathyroid glands?

Back 32

-Chief cells
-Oxyphil cells

Front 33

Which cell has the larger cytoplasm and less nucleus?

Back 33

Oxyphil cells

Front 34

Which cell type is more numerous?

Back 34

Chief cells

Front 35

What is the best way to identify the oxyphil cell?

Back 35

It is eosinophilic

Front 36

What is the primary secretory product of the chief cells?

Back 36

PTH

Front 37

What are the 3 structures to identify in the Thyroid?

Back 37

-Follicular cells
-Follicles
-Colloid

Front 38

Where are the thyroid capillaries in relation to the follicles?

Back 38

Between them

Front 39

Where are the parafollicular cells and how can you identify them?

Back 39

Between follicles - they are huge

Front 40

What do parafollicular cells release?

Back 40

Calcitonin

Front 41

What does TSH do to the follicular cells in the thyroid follicles?

Back 41

Makes them go from squamous to cuboidal to columnar.

Front 42

What is the normal appearance of follicular epithelium and colloid?

Back 42

-Cuboidal
-Moderate colloid amounts

Front 43

What happens to the follicular epithelium and colloid in an animal that had its puitary removed a month ago?

Back 43

-Follicular epithelium atrophies and becomes squamous
-High amounts of colloid because there is a goiter

Front 44

What is propylthiouracil?

Back 44

A goitrogen that blocks thyroperoxidase activity

Front 45

What is the effect of treating a normal animal for one month with propylthiouracil?

Back 45

-Follicular epithelium becomes columnar
-Colloid amounts are low

Front 46

What type of goiter is created by propylthiouracil treatment?

Back 46

A parenchymatous goiter

Front 47

Would shortage of iodine cause a goiter more similar to that due to lack of TSH, or due to blocking thyroperoxidase?

Back 47

More similar to that caused by thyroperoxidase

Front 48

Why?

Back 48

Because TSH is high in both cases, causing the epithelium to go from low to columnar, but more uptake of colloid causes the reduction in colloid amts.