4 - Development And Structures Of The Face

Front 1

name the 5 facial prominences that the facial structures are derived from.

what are they composed of?

what do they surround?

Back 1

1) Frontonasal -1 (cranially)
2) Maxillary -2 (laterally)
3) Mandibular -2 (caudally)
4) medial nasal -2
5) lateral nasal -2
-composed of neural crest cells
-surround the stomadeum

Front 2

what does the frontonasal prominence give rise to?

Back 2

it covers the developing forebrain and becomes the
forehead,
upper eyelids,
most of nose and
nasal cavity

Front 3

what do the maxillary prominences give rise to?

Back 3

the cheek, upper jaw, upper lip, and lateral nose

Front 4

what do the mandibular prominences give rise to?

Back 4

the mandible, lower lip, and chin

Front 5

myoblasts from the ___ pharyngeal arch will migrate into the face to form the mm's of facial expression

Back 5

2nd

Front 6

when does the development of the face occur

Back 6

weeks 4-14

Front 7

what prominences are derived from the 1st pharyngeal arch?

Back 7

maxillary and mandibular prominences; this plays a role in the common sensory innervation

Front 8

what do the nasal placodes arrise from?

when?

Back 8

the frontonasal prominence from the thickening of the ectoderm on the ventrolateral parts in the late 4th week

Front 9

when do the mandibular prominences merge?

Back 9

late forth week

Front 10

what do the the nasal placodes differentiate into?

when?

Back 10

the medial and lateral nasal prominences; in the 5th week, the nasal placodes become depressed as mesenchyme surrounding them proliferates to form these horseshoe elevations

Front 11

when the nasal placodes invaginate in the 5th week, they become nasal pits that eventually become...

Back 11

the nasal cavity and nostrils

Front 12

___________ of the auricles appear as 6 auricular hillocks (3 per side)

Back 12

primordia

Front 13

what forms the intermaxillary segment, when, and what 3 things does it give rise to?

Back 13

-the fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal prominences in the 7th-10th weeks
-form medial maxilla, philtrum, and primary palate

Front 14

what prominence is the nasal septum derived from?

Back 14

the frontonasal prominence

Front 15

fusion of what 2 prominences allows formation of the upper lip

what happens if they fail to fuse?

Back 15

maxillary and medial nasal prominences in 7th - 10th weeks

failure = cleft lip/cleft palate

Front 16

what forms when the lateral nasal and maxillary prominences fuse (3)?

Back 16

1) the lateral sides of the nose, (lateral nasal)
2) the cheek (maxillary)
3) the nasolacrimal apparatus (tear duct), formed by thickening of ectoderm in the nasolacrimal groove

Front 17

enlargement of the brain causes eyes to shift medially to fwd-looking orientation, and the elongation of the mandible causes the ears to appear to rise during which weeks of facial development?

Back 17

weeks 10-14 (early fetal development)

Front 18

face is fully developed by what week?

Back 18

14

Front 19

what is the primative mouth

Back 19

the stomodeum

Front 20

what does the oropharyngeal membrane (from prechrodal plate) separate, and when does it rupture?

Back 20

the stomodeum and the forgut (pharynx)

it ruptures around day 26 for that the mouth and the pharynx are continuous

Front 21

nasal pits deepen to form nasal sacs. what separated them from the oral cavity?

when do the 2 become continuous?

what do they communicate via?

Back 21

the oronasal membrane

by the 6th week of development, they are continuous via primordial choanae

Front 22

after the nasal cavity and oral cavity are able to communicate, the secondary palate forms and separates them again. where do the choanae migrate to?

Back 22

the jxn of the nasal cavity and the pharynx

Front 23

nasal conchae develop by week ___

Back 23

12

Front 24

frontalis m.

action

Back 24

raise eyebrow/wrinkle forehead

Front 25

orbicularis oculi m

action and nerve

note: there is an orbital part and a palpebral part

Back 25

a: close eyes lids (sphincter)

n: superior: Temporal branch of CN VII (facial n.)
inferior: Zygomatic branch of CN VII (facial n.)

Front 26

corrugator supercilii m.

action

Back 26

draw eyebrow inferiorly and medially

Front 27

procerus m.

action

Back 27

wrinkle skin of bridge of nose

Front 28

nasalis m.

action

Back 28

dilate/flare nostrils

Front 29

Depressor septi m.

action

Back 29

draw septum inferiorly

Front 30

orbicularis oris m.

action

Back 30

closes lips, shape lips during speech,
PUCKER!!

Front 31

levator labii superioris (+ alaeque nasi) mm.

action

Back 31

elevate upper lip and angle of mouth

(Elvis snarl)

Front 32

zygomaticus major/minor mm.

action

Back 32

elevate angle of mouth (smile)

(w/ levator anguli oris m. deep to it)

Front 33

levator anguli oris m.

action

Back 33

elevate angle of mouth

(w/ zygomaticus major/minor mm superficially)

Front 34

risorius m.

action and nerve

Back 34

a: retract angle of mouth (bobby smile)

n: mandibular branch of CN VII (facial n.)

Front 35

buccinator m.

action and nerve

Back 35

a:compress cheeks
(keep cheeks in close proximity to teeth -- no chipmunk cheeks)

n: buccal branch of CN VII (facial n.)

Front 36

depressor anguli oris m.

action

Back 36

depress angle of the mouth

Front 37

depressor labii inferioris m.

action

Back 37

depress lower lip

(do not confuse with mentalis m. that protrudes lower lip)

Front 38

mentalis m.

action

Back 38

protrudes lower lip

(pouting)

Front 39

auricularis anterior, superior, and posterior mm

action

Back 39

to retract/elevate the ear

Front 40

platysma m.

action and nerve

Back 40

a: tense skin of neck

n: cervical branch of CN VII (facial n.)

Front 41

What nerve innervates all mm of facial expression?

Back 41

the facial n. (CN VII)

Front 42

as the facial n. (CN VII) exits the stylomastoid foramen, it gives of 3 branches:

Back 42

PASseD:
Posterior auricular n.
nerve to the sylohyoid
nerve to posterior belly of digastric m.

Front 43

after CN VII passes through the parotid gland, it divides into 2 division and becomes 5 branches:

Back 43

Ten Zebras Bit My Cat
1) Temporozygomatic divsion:
-Temporal n.
-Zygomatic n.
2) Cervicomandibular division:
-Buccal n.
-Mandibular n.
-Cervical n.

Front 44

what does "you PASseD this class because Ten Zebras Bit My Cat" stand for?

Back 44

the divisions and branches of the facial nerve (CN VII):

-Posterior Auricular n.
-nerve to the Stylohyoid
-nerve to the posterior belly of the digastric m.
-Temporal branch
-Zygomatic branch
-Buccal branch
-Mandibular branch
-Cervical branch

Front 45

what facial mm does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply?

Back 45

the frontalis m. and superior orbicularis oculi m.

Front 46

what facial mm does the zygomatic branch of the facial n. supply?

Back 46

the inferior obicularis oculi m. and the mm. inferior to orbit (nose and upper lip effected)

Front 47

what facial mm does the buccal branch of the facial n. supply?

Back 47

the buccinator m. and mm of the superior lip

Front 48

what facial mm does the mandibular branch of the facial n. supply?

Back 48

the risorius m, and mm of the lower lip and chin

Front 49

what facial mm does the cervical branch of the facial n. supply?

Back 49

the platysma m.

Front 50

what 2 nerves provide sensory innervation to the face?

which one provides more?

Back 50

sensory innervation mainly through the Trigeminal n. (CN V), but the Great Auricular n. (C2, C3) innervates the angle of the mandible

Front 51

The trigeminal nerve (V) has 3 divisions

name them and what they innervate

Back 51

V1: ophthalmic division- anterior scalp, forehead, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose to tip
V2: maxillary division- lateral eye, prominence of cheek, lateral nose, upper lip
V3: mandibular division- preauricular area to chin and lower lip

Front 52

there are 3 nn that come off of V1 and two have 2 division.. name them and what they supply

Back 52

1) Lacrimal n. (upper eyelid)
2) Frontal n. (middle upper eyelid and anterolateral forehead)
a) Supraorbital n.
b) Supratrochlear n.
3) Nasociliary n.
a) Infratrochlear n. (medial cathus and lacrimal sac)
b) External nasal n. (nose, incl. tip)

Front 53

V2 has 2 named branches (one with two divisions) what are they and what do they supply?

**do not confuse this with the zygomatic branch of CN VII that supplies the lower orbit mm**

Back 53

1) zygomatic n.
a) zygomaticotemporal n, (anterior part of temporal fossa)
b) zygomaticofacial n. (prominence of cheek)
2) infraorbital n. (superior lip)

Front 54

there are 3 named nerves coming off of V3... name them and what they supply

Back 54

1) auriculotemporal n. (skin anterior to ear and parasymp to parotid gland)
2) buccal n. (skin and oral mucosa of cheek **not same as buccal branch of CN VII**)
3) mental n. (chin and inferior lip)

Front 55

which division of the trigeminal nerve also has a motor component to the muscles of mastication (not considered mm's of facial expression)

Back 55

V3

Front 56

the facial a. comes off of the external carotid a. and has four branches. name them and what they supply

Back 56

1) submental a. (supplies facial mm. and skin of the chin)
2) inferior labial a. (supplies inferior lip)
3) superior labial a. (supplies superior lip)
4) angular a. (supplies the superior cheek and inferior eyelid)-main terminal branch

Front 57

as it branches from the superficial temporal a., what does the transverse facial a. supply?

Back 57

the parotid gland and duct, mm of the skin and face

Front 58

what 2 branches of the ophthalmic a. supply to upper eyelid, forehead and scalp?

Back 58

the supraorbital (anteriolateral) and the supratrochlear (anteriomedial) aa.

Front 59

of the transverse facial a, facial a., and supraorbital and supratrochlear aa's, which one(s) branch from the internal carotid and which one(s) branch from the external carotid?

Back 59

the facial and transverse facial aa's branch from the external carotid a.; and the supraorbital and trochlear aa.'s branch from the ophthalmic a. which is a branch off of the internal carotid a.

Front 60

what major v. drains the anterior scalp, forehead, eyelids, conjunctiva and cavernous sinus?

Back 60

the angular v.

Front 61

what is the problem with the angular v.'s communication with the cavernous sinus via the superior ophthalmic v?

(ie. why is this area called the "danger triangle" of the face?)

Back 61

b/c there are no valves restricting blood flow back to the sinus, there is a potential route of infection from the face to the dural sinuses --> CNS infection

Front 62

what does the angular v. terminate as?

Back 62

the facial v.

Front 63

what does the facial v. terminate as?

what v. does the facial v. communicate with?

Back 63

the internal jugular vein

communicates with the retromandibular v.

Front 64

what vein is posterior and deep to the mandible, drains the maxillary v. and superficial temporal v., and forms the external jugular with contribution from the posterior auricular v.

Back 64

the retromandibular v.

Front 65

trace blood flow from the angular vein down

Back 65

angular --> facial --> IJV

Front 66

what veins form the IJV and EJV?

Back 66

IVJ: formed from the facial vein

EJV: formed from the retromandibular drain with contribution from the posterior auricular v.

Front 67

what is the largest salivary gland?

Back 67

the parotid

Front 68

what structure lies between the ramus of the mandible and the mastoid process

Back 68

the parotid gland

Front 69

trace the path of the parotid duct.

what m does it pierce?

Back 69

anterior edge of parotid gland--> pierces buccinator m. --> opens into the oral cavity opposite the 2nd maxillary molar

Front 70

what is the innervation of the parotid gland and duct?

Back 70

parasympathetic

Front 71

ID the autonomic fibers in the path of innervation of the parotid gland VERY IMPORTANT:
A) inferior salivatory nucleus (brainstem) --B--> glossalpharyngeal n. (CN IX) --C--> tympanic plexus --D--> lesser petrosal n. --E--> otic ganglion --F--> Auriculotemporal n (V3) --G--> Parotid gland (synapse)

Back 71

A) para pregang cell bodies
B) para pregang fibers
C) para pregang fibers
D) para pregang fibers
E) para pregang fibers
(synapse --> para postgang cell body
F) para postgang fibers
G) para postgang fibers (synapse)

Front 72

structures associated with parotid gland innervation

Back 72

-Inferior salivatory nucleus
-glossalpharyngeal n. (IX)
-tympanic plexus
-lesser petrosal n.
-otic ganglion (synapse)
-auriculotemporal n.
-parotid gland (synapse)

Front 73

structure associated with the parotid gland

Back 73

-facial n. (VII) - runs through it
-auriculotemporal n. (IX) - innervates it
-great auricular n. (C2,C3)
-branches of external carotid a. (maxillary and superficial temporal branches) near it
-retromandibular v - runs through it