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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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The end product of hemoglobin degradation |
Bilirubin (lifespan of RBCs120 days) |
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What is the significance of bilirubin ?
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- hepatic conditions
- biliary obstruction (+ bilirubin)
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Diazo Reaction is the principle and reagent used for |
bilirubin |
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Color changes for bilirubin
chemstrip -
multistix -
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pink to violet
cream - buff to tan
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May cause false ___ results for bilirubin reagent strip
- highly pigmented urine
- phenazopyridine
- indican
- metabolites of iodine
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(+) |
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May cause false ___ results for bilirubin reagent strip
- specimen being exposed to light
- ascorbic acid > 25mg/dL
- high concentration of nitrite
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(-) |
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Other tests for detecting:
- Smith Iodine Test
- Fouchet Test
- Harrison Spot Test |
Bilirubin |
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Reagent strip sensitivity test requires : ___g of bilirubin to be detected |
0.40 - 0.80 g of bilirubin |
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What are other reagents used for bilirubin detection?
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- SSA
- Diazo Reagent
- Sodium bicarbonate
- Boric acid
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Boris Says San Diego sucks |
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Gives color to stool |
urobilin/stercobilin |
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What is the primary component of gallstones ? |
cholesterol |
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What is the significance of urobilinogen? |
- liver disease - hemolytic disorders |
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Erlich Reaction or Diazo Reaction principles are used for |
urobilinogen |
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Erlich Reaction / Diazo Reaction principle is used for
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urobilinogen |
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Multistix test for urobilinogen (+) color reaction -
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light yellow to red brown
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Chemstrip test for urobilinogen (+) color reaction - |
Red
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Ehrlich Reactive Substance is soluble to: insoluble to: |
soluble to - chloroform insoluble to - butanp; |
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- An inverse Ehrlich reaction - Maintains an acid solution by adding small urine volume to a larger reagent volume |
Hoesch Screening Test for Porphobilinogen |
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Hoesch Screening Test for Porphobilinogen (+) result: |
red |
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What is the significance of nitrite?
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- UTI
- Antibiotic therapy
- Specimen screening for urine culture
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USA |
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The Greiss Reaction principle is used for |
Nitrite |
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The pad color for (+) nitrite changes to |
pink |
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Causes false ____ results for nitrite reagent strips:
- increased ascorbic acid - increased specific gravity
- nitrite converting to nitrogen
- insufficient contact time b/t bacteria and nitrate
- presence of antibiotics |
(-) |
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Causes false ___ results for nitrite reagent strips
- improperly preserved specimen
- highly pigmented urine |
(+) |
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What is the significance of Leukocyte Esterase? |
- bacterial & nonbacterial UTI - screening specimen for urine cultures |
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Derivatized Pyerrole Amino Acid + Diazo Salt is the principle used for: |
Leukocyte Esterase |
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The (+) pad result for Leukocyte Esterase is color |
purple |
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Leukocyte Esterase is indicative of |
remnants of cells not visible microscopically |
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Causes false ___ results in Leukocye Reagent Strip:
- strong oxidizing reagents
- formalin
- high conc. of pigmented urine
- nitrofurantoin
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(+)
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What can cause false (-) results in Leukocye Esterase Reagent Strip |
high concentration of: - protein, glucose
- oxalic acid, ascorbic acid
- gentamicin, cephalosporins, tetracyclines
- inaccurate timing
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OA
TCG
I |
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What is the significance of specific gravity?
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- hydration
- diabetes insipidous
- renal tubular conc. assessment
- determination of unsatisfactory specimen
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HDM
RU |
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The principle Change in PKA of a Polyelectrolyte is used for |
specific gravity |
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Specific Gravity Reagent Strip causes false:
high concentration of protein -
high concentration of alkaline -
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(+)
(-) |
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What is the significance of ascorbic acid? |
- affects 50% of reagent strip parameters - found in urine of people taking therapeutic doses of vit. C |
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methelyne green is used in the Stix & Multistix test for ascorbic acid. (+) result is |
red to purple color
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Chemical test for urine chloride: fantus urine calcium: sulkowich |
urine melanin:Thormahlen's (sodium nitroprusside) Test urinary pentoses: Bial's Test |
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A chemical test for reducing sugars: |
Fehling's Test
Barfoed's Test
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Bf |
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Chemical test for urobilinogen/urobilin: Schlesinger's Test indican: Obermayer Test |
proteins w/phenolic group:Millon's Test bile pigments: Gmelin's Test |
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Chemical test for lactose: Rubner's Test |
fructose:Seliwanoff Test (Risorsinol HCl Test ) |
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Chemical test for Homocystine:Silver Nirtroprusside Cystine: Cyanide nitroprusside |
Acetone:Frommer's Test |
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Type of microscope where in the object appears dark w/a light background |
Brightfield microscope (Typically used in CM) |
CM |
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Type of microscope where in the object appears light w/a dark background |
Darkfield microscope (Typically used in Micro) |
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Type of microscope that identifies sediments w/low refractive index |
Phase-contrast microscope (Typically used in identification ofcasts and mucus) |
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Type of microscope used for: - crystals - lipids - oval fat bodies |
Polarizing microscope |
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Type of microscope that provides a 3D image
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Interference Contrast
(there are 2 types) |
- Hoffman (modulation contrast)
- Nomarski (differential) |
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The Addis Count uses what kind of specimen? |
12 hour urine specimen |
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Addis Count values for Hyaline Casts: RBCs: WBC & Epith. cells: |
Hyaline Casts: 0 - 5,000 RBCs: 0 - 500,000 WBC & Epith. cells: 0 - 1.8 mil. |
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Microscopic Examination centri. specimen at: sediment after decantation: |
400 - 450 RCF for 5 mins 0.5 - 1.0mL of sediment |
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Microscopic Examination amount used in glass slide technique: min. fields on LPO and HPO: |
20uL 10 fields |
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