#4 Antihistamines 9-15-06

Front 1

common feature of autacoids?

Back 1

the ability to be formed by certain tissues, and then act on those SAME tissues

Front 2

Histamine is found in all tissues, especially high [ ] in?

Back 2

1) lung
2) skin
3) intestinal mucosa

Front 3

histamine is synthesized from ?

Back 3

histadine

Front 4

histamine is stored intracellularly in vesicles with?

Back 4

heparin

Front 5

storage sites of histamine?

Back 5

1) mast cells & basophills
2) GI mucosa
3) nerve endings in certain areas of the brain
4) cells of rapidly growing or regenerating tissue

Front 6

release of histamine is caused by?

Back 6

1) allergic reactions
2) cellular injury
3) drugs (opioids, sux, contrast, vanc, anti-protozoal)

Front 7

activation of H1 receptor causes?

Back 7

constriction of bronchi and gut

Front 8

H2 receptor ?

Back 8

gastric acid secretion

Front 9

H1 and H2 receptors?

Back 9

vascular dilation

Front 10

H3 receptor?

Back 10

inhibition of histamine release and synthesis (like autoreceptor)

Front 11

circulatory effects of histamine?

Back 11

1) increased capillary permeability
2) vasodilation
3) triple response of Lewis

Front 12

triple response of Lewis?

Back 12

1) red spot
2) wheal
3) flare or red flush

Front 13

hyposecretion of histamine?

Back 13

1) pernicious anemia
2) gastric carcinoma
3) atropic gastritis

Front 14

hypersecretion of histamine?

Back 14

1) diodenal ulcer
2) Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Front 15

clinical use of histamine for diagnosis?

Back 15

Histalog (histamine analog Betazole) = less H1 receptor activity (H2:H1 = 10:1)

Front 16

Impromidine?

Back 16

investigational drug
greater H2 selectivity
(H2:H1 = 10,000:1)

Front 17

1st generation antihistamines

Back 17

1) Alkylamines
2) Ethanolamines
3) Ethylenediamines
4) Phenothiazines
5) Piperazines
6) Piperidines
7) Phthalazinone

Front 18

1) Alkylamines

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1) Brompheniramine (in Dimetane)
2) Chlorpheniramine (Chlor-Trimeton)
3) Dexchlorpheniramine (Polaramine)
4) Triprolidine (Actifed)

Front 19

Alkylamines have marked potential for producing?

Back 19

sedation

Front 20

2) Ethanolamines

Back 20

1) Carbinoxamine (Rondec)
2) Clemastine (Tavist)
3) Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
4) Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
5) Doxylamine (Unisom)

Front 21

Clemastine (Tavist) also blocks?

Back 21

at muscarinic receptors

Front 22

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine) is used to treat?

Back 22

motion sickness

Front 23

Dephenhydramine (Benadryl) is active metabolite of?

Back 23

dimenhydrinate

Front 24

Benaryl

Back 24

1) sedation
2) motion sickness
3) anticholinergic

Front 25

Doxylamine (Unisom) is used as ?

Back 25

OTC sleep aid

Front 26

3) Ethylenediamines

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1) Tripelennamine (PBZ)
2) Pyrilamine (in cold medecine)

Front 27

4) Phenothiazines

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1) Promethazine (Phenergan)

Front 28

Phenergan also blocks at?

Back 28

alpha adrenergic receptors

Front 29

5) Piperazines

Back 29

1) Hydroxyzine (Vistaril, Atarax)
2) Meclizine (Bonine OTC, Antivert)

Front 30

Meclizine is used to treat?

Back 30

1) motion sickness
2) vertigo
3) Meniere's syndrome

Front 31

6) Piperidines

Back 31

antihistaminic / antiserotogenic
1) Cyproheptadine (Periactin)

Front 32

SE of Cyprohepatidine?

Back 32

increase appetite and wt gain

Front 33

7) Phthalazinone

Back 33

1) Azelastine (Astelin)
- 1st antihistamine nasal spray
- for seasonal allergic rhinitis

Front 34

2nd generation antihistamines

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1) Loratadine (Claritine)
2) Desloratadine (Clarinex)
3) Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
4) Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Front 35

benefit of 2nd generation antihistamines?

Back 35

non-sedation

Front 36

primary active metabolite of Claritin?

Back 36

desloratadine (Clarinex)

Front 37

Are H1 antagonists effective in severe hypersensitivity reactions?

Back 37

No. b/c hypotension is cauused by histamine acting at both H1 and H2 receptors

Front 38

antihistamine and MAOI?

Back 38

MAOI can prolong and intensify their anticholinergic effects

Front 39

episodes of syncope in pts with H1 antagonists?

Back 39

Discontinue H1 antagonists.
SE = severe arrhythmia

Front 40

H2 receptor antagonists

Back 40

1) Cimetidine (Tagamet)
2) Ranitidine (Zantac)
3) Famotidine (Pepcid)
4) Nizatidine (Axid)

Front 41

H2 receptor antagonists inhibit?

Back 41

action of histamine at parietal cell H2 receptors = decrease in acid secretion

Front 42

SE of Cimetidine?

Back 42

1) gynecomastia

Front 43

Cimetidine decreases metabolism of?

Back 43

1) Warfarin
2) Phenytoin
3) Theophyllin