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Front 1

Mayflower Compact

Back 1

Mayflower Compact
1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Front 2

House of Burgesses

Back 2

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses. First form of government in America.

Front 3

Fundamental Orders

Back 3

Set up a unified government for the towns of the Connecticut area (Windsor, Hartford, and Wethersfield). First constitution written in America.

Front 4

Multiangular Trade

Back 4

England (flour, meat, and other provision) to the West Indies (fur) to England (manufactured goods) to colonies. International and interactive character of American commerce. Slaves was also one of the trading items.

Front 5

Dominion of New England

Back 5

1686 - The British government combined the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, and Connecticut into a single province headed by a royal governor (Andros). The Dominion ended in 1692, when the colonists revolted and drove out Governor Andros.

Front 6

Great Migration

Back 6

Great Migration of the 1630s, about 70,000 refugees left England. 11,000 to Massachusetts. Attracted to fertile West Indies. Puritan migration of 70,000 from England to the Northeastern United States, Chesapeake Bay, Caribbean.

Front 7

Samuel Adams

Back 7

Samuel Adams (September 27, 1722 – October 2, 1803) was the chief Massachusetts leader of the Patriot cause leading to the American Revolution. Organizer of protests including the Boston Tea Party, he was most influential as a writer and theorist who articulated the principles of republicanism that shaped the American political culture.

Front 8

Benedict Arnold

Back 8

Benedict Arnold was a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. He is best known for plotting to surrender the American fort at West Point, New York, to the British during the American Revolution. Arnold had distinguished himself as a hero of the revolution early in the war through acts of cunning and bravery at Fort Ticonderoga in 1775 and at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. Arnold strongly opposed the decision by the Continental Congress to form an alliance with France, having experienced a bitter defeat at the hands of the French and their Indian allies during the French and Indian War. isaffected because of grievances with the Continental Congress and the military, suffering from mounting personal debt, and facing corruption charges filed by the Pennsylvania civil authorities, Arnold also faced pressure at home from his young second wife, a British Loyalist. In September 1780, he formulated his scheme, which, if successful, would have given British forces control of the Hudson River valley and split the colonies in half. The plot was thwarted, but Arnold managed to flee to British forces in New York.

Front 9

John Hancock

Back 9

- came from MA
- came to be known as the "king of smugglers" because he was a wholesale smuggler during the period of "salutary neglect" by the British
- was a rebel ringleader
- fiery Revolutionary leader of 1776

Front 10

Proclamation Line of 1763

Back 10

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was issued October 7, 1763 by King George III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. The purpose of the proclamation was to organize Britain's vast new North American empire, and to stabilize relations with North American Indians through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier.

Front 11

Salutary Neglect

Back 11

Salutary neglect was an undocumented, though longstanding, British policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep the American colonies subservient -or obedient- to Great Britain. Prime Minister Robert Walpole stated that if no restrictions were on the colonies, they would flourish[citation needed]. This policy, which spanned from about 1690 to 1750, allowed the actual enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient. King George III ended this policy through acts such as the Stamp Act and Sugar Act, causing dissentions among the colonists. It is believed that salutary neglect was a large contributing factor that led to the American Revolutionary War. Since the imperial authority didn't assert the power that it had, the colonists were left to govern themselves. These essentially sovereign colonies soon became accustomed to the idea of self-control. The effects of such prolonged isolation eventually resulted in the emergence of a collective identity that considered itself separate from Great Britain.

Front 12

Boston Massacre

Back 12

The Boston Massacre is the name commonly given to the shooting of five civilians by British troops on March 5, 1770, which became a cause celebre among pro-independence groups and helped to eventually spark the American Revolutionary War. Colonists were already resentful of the Townshend Acts. Tensions caused by the heavy military presence in Boston led to brawls between soldiers and civilians, and eventually to troops shooting their muskets into a riotous crowd.
Crispus Attucks (the leader) was killed. The incident was widely publicized as a propaganda by Samual Adams and Paul Revere to create animosity between Americans and British.

Front 13

Albany Plan of Union

Back 13

Benjamin Franklin proposed a plan for uniting the seven colonies that greatly exceeded the scope of the congress. However, after considerable debate, and modifications proposed by Thomas Hutchinson who would later become Governor of Massachusetts, it was passed unanimously. The plan was submitted as a recommendation but was rejected by both King George II and the legislatures of the individual seven colonies since it would remove some of their existing powers.The Union was planned to include all the British North American colonies, except Delaware and Georgia. The plan called for a single executive (President-General) to be appointed by the King, who would be responsible for Indian relations, military preparedness, and execution of laws regulating various trade and financial activities. It called for a Grand Council to be selected by the colonial legislatures where the number of delegates would be based on the taxes paid by each colony. Even though rejected, some features of this plan were later adopted in the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution.