3Rd Year Patho Final - Important Again

Front 1

Precancerous lesions and cancers of oral cavity

Back 1

SC papiloma, Condyloma acuminatum, Verrucae vulgaris, Leukoplakia, SCC

Front 2

Salivary gland diseases

Back 2

Sialoadenitis (mumps, bacterial), Sjorgen

Front 3

Anatomic and motor disorders of esophaus

Back 3

Dysphagia, Heart burn, hematemesis, stenosis, hernia, achalasia

Front 4

Esophagitis (2 causes, 3 morphological features)

Back 4

Reflux, Irritants. Features - eosinophils, basal cell HP, lamina propria papillary elongation

Front 5

In barrett's --> metaplasia from, to. Looks like ?

Back 5

Str sq to columnar, goblet. Looks like red-velvety mucosa

Front 6

3 Causes of acute gastritis ? 3 morphological features

Back 6

Causes - 1. PYlori infection. 2. NSAIDs, 3. Alcohol. Morphology - 1. Erosion of mucosa, hemorrhage, inf. infiltrate

Front 7

3 forms of chronic gastritis

Back 7

1. H. pylori (Antrum/all), 2. AI corpus gastritis, 3. Chronic chemical antrum gastritis

Front 8

3 morphological features of chronic gastritis

Back 8

1. Mucosal atrophy of parietal cells. 2. Glands destruction. 3. intestinal metaplasia

Front 9

3 Causes of chronic peptic ulcer

Back 9

1. Pylori.
2. Z-E syndrome
3. Hypercalcemia

Front 10

3 Morphology of peptic ulcer

Back 10

1. 2-4cm, round punched out
2. Clean base
3. Doudenum + lesser curvatue antral part

Front 11

Developmental anomalies of the small (3) and large (1)intestine

Back 11

Small - atresia, stenosis, meckel's diverticulum. Large - malrotation

Front 12

Meckle's diverticulum (origin, where, complications)

Back 12

origin is failed obliteration of the amphalomesenteric dut. 80cm away from cecum. Complications - Bleeding, ulcers, pernicious anemia

Front 13

Megacolon (acquired ? congenital ?)

Back 13

Acquired - chagas. Congenital - Hirchshprung disease (neural crest migration)

Front 14

Types of ischemic bowel disease injuries . What is the color of the infarct ?

Back 14

transmural, mural, mucosal.

Front 15

Angiodysplasia in bowels (what is it, 2 causes, complications)

Back 15

Dilation of mucosal or submucosal BV. Causes - 1. Osler-Weber-Rednu syn, 2. CREST. Complications- rupture, bleeding

Front 16

Chron's disease (2 extraintestinal complications, give 3 features, give 3 morphologies)

Back 16

Extraintestinal complications - 1. Sclerosing choalngitis, 2. Migratory polyarthritis. Features - 1. Skip lesions, 2. full ulcerations, 3. fistulae. 3 morphologies - 1. granular+creeping fat serosa, 2. atrophy of mucosa, 3. HT of muscularis

Front 17

Ulcerative colitis - 4 features

Back 17

1. limited to mucosa and submucosa. 2. Pseudopolyps, 3. continous lesions, 4. high risk for cc

Front 18

Infectious enterocolitis (what do you mention, also give 3 types of diarrhea. Also what is necrotizing enterocolitis)

Back 18

Mention : 1. diarrhea, 2. Desentery, 3. Viral/bacterial. 3 types of diarrhea - osmotic, malabsorption, exudative. Necrotizing enterocolitis - in neonates mostly, necrotizing inflammation with the entire wall become gangrenous

Front 19

Malabsorption. Mention 5 things + an example of each

Back 19

1. Deficient intraluminal digestion (no bile emulsification). 2. Mucosal cell abnormalities(abetalipoproteinaemia, no chylomicrons). 3.small intestinal surface reduction (celiac). 4. Lymphatic obstruction (lymphomas). 5. infections (tropical sprue, like celiac)

Front 20

Boewl obstruction, mention 4 things

Back 20

1. Hernias, 2. strangulation, 3. Intusseption, 4. Volvulus

Front 21

Pathology of the appendix. Mention ?

Back 21

Acute appendicitis, Tumors (carcinoids, mucocele, mucinous cyst adenoma, mucinous cyst adenocc (-->pseudomyxoma peritonei) )

Front 22

Cholestasis - Defintion. Give 2 causes, 3 symptoms, and 3 morphologies

Back 22

Retention of bile salts, cholesterol and bilirubin in tissues. Causes - 1.biliary obstruction, 2. Hepatocellular dysfunction. Symptoms - 1. Jaundice, 2. Pruritis, 3. Hyperlipidemia. Morphology - 1. Plugs of bile. 2. foamy change. 3. fibrosis/cirrhosis

Front 23

Hepatic failure - mention

Back 23

General about liver, causes, symptoms

Front 24

Give 2 causes of hepatic failure and 3 symptoms

Back 24

Causes : 1. Massive hepatic necrosis, 2. Chronic liver disease, 3. Hepatic-dysfunction(toxic,reye). Symptoms - 1.jaundice, 2.hyperestrogenemia, 3.hepatic encephalopathy

Front 25

Acute viral hepatitis - stages. Give also 3 morphologies

Back 25

1. Carrier
2. Incubation
3. Symptomatic, pre-icteric, prodrome.
4. ICteric.
Morphology : 1.balloning degeneration, 2.briding necrosis, 3. cholestasis

Front 26

Chronic hepatitis, what do you mention ? Also give 3 causes

Back 26

definition, Etiology, parenchymal changes, cirrhosis. Causes : 1.Viral, 2.Wilson, 3. Alcoholism

Front 27

Drug&Toxin induced liver disease, what do you mention ?

Back 27

Bioactivation, immune damage, perdictable/idiosyncartic responses, agents causing hepatocellualar damage, agents causing hyperplasia/neoplasia

Front 28

Give 3 agents causing hepatocellular damage, and 2 agents causing hyperplasis/neoplasia in the liver

Back 28

Hepatocellular damage : 1.CCl4 - fatty change. 2. Acetominophen - centrolobular necrosis. 3. Oral contraceptives- cholestasis.
Hyperplasia/neo : 1. Oral contraceptives-adenoma, 2.hepatocellular cc - vinyl

Front 29

Alcoholic liver disease, what do you mention?

Back 29

1. Biochemical effects of alcohol, 2. Hepatic steatosis, 3. Alcoholic hepatitis, 4. Liver cirrhosis

Front 30

What are cytoplasmic inclusions of CK called in alcoholic hepatitis ?

Back 30

Mallory bodies

Front 31

Mention 3 things happening in Alcoholic hepatitis

Back 31

1. Necrosis. 2. Cholestasis, 3. Fibrosis

Front 32

What collagen types are deposited in the liver in cirrhosis ? Give 3 symptoms of cirrhosis.

Back 32

Space of disse - IV, Interstitium - I+III. Symptoms - 1. HT, portocaval anastamosis, 2. Malnutrition, 3. Ascites

Front 33

What gene is defect in genetic hemochromatosis. What is the syndrome called

Back 33

HFE gene, chr. 6. Bronze diabetes

Front 34

2nd biliary cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis (cause, what is destructed)

Back 34

2nd biliary cirrhosis - extrahepatic bile obstruction. Primary biliary cirrhosis - autoimmune, intrahepatic bile ducts. PRimary sclerosing cholangitis- autoimmune, intra/extra bile ducts

Front 35

2 specials for primary iliary cirrhosis . 2 specials for primary sclerosing cholangitis

Back 35

primary biliary cirrhosis : Granulomas, Antimitochondrial Ab.
PRimary sclerosing cholangitis : Segmental, Onion skin fibrosis of ducts, ANCA

Front 36

Cholelithiasis (types of stones, cause for each, color)

Back 36

Cholesterol - stasis, supersaturation, Grayish-white. Pigment stones - bilirubing Ca, hemolytic anemias --> Black are sterile, Brown are soapy and infected.

Front 37

Non-neoplastic disease of scrotum, testis, epididimys, what do you mention ?

Back 37

Inflammation, hydrocele, crypt orchism, epididymytis (mumps, TB)

Front 38

PAthology of the vagina - mention

Back 38

Congenital malformations, vaginitis, vaginal adenosis, clear cell adenocc

Front 39

Give 3 causes for dysfunctional uterine bleeding

Back 39

Failure of ovulation, inadequate luteal phase, contraceptive induced

Front 40

Hydatiform mole - definition, two types with chromosomes

Back 40

Swollen, chorionic villi in grape-like clusters covered by chorionic epi. Compete - diploid 46xx/xy no fetal. Partial - triplod 69xxy, fetal part

Front 41

Fibrocystic changes and relationship to breast cc - what do ou mentioN ?

Back 41

Non-proliferative, proliferative, sclerosing-adenosis

Front 42

Thyroiditis - what do you mention ?

Back 42

Non-specific lymphocytic thyroidtitis (Autoimmune), Hashimoto, Quervain - subacute granulomatous thyroidtiis (viral)

Front 43

Cushing syndrome = whhich types ?

Back 43

1. Pituitary adenoma(cushing disease), 2. Adrenocotrical adenoma, 3.Paraneoplastic syndromes, 4. Iatrogenic.

Front 44

Adrenocortical neoplasms -which are usually functional ?

Back 44

adrenocortical cc are usually functional

Front 45

Chronic and acute adrenocortical insuf. what do you mention (2 acute, 3 chronic)

Back 45

Acute - 1.withdrawl from steroids, 2.Waterhouse fridrichsen syn (sepsis). Chronic - Addison - AI adrenilitis, 2. TB adrenilitis, 3. Sarcoid

Front 46

MEN - names, genes, mnemonics

Back 46

MEN I - Werner, chr 11, PPP
MEN IIa - Sipple, RET chr 10, MPP
MEN IIb - Williams, NMP(-P)\

Front 47

Congenital diseases of the bone - mention

Back 47

Aplasia, Extra bones, Fusion, Achondroplasia, OI

Front 48

Primary brain parenchymal hemorrhages - talk about

Back 48

Traumatic (HT, aneurysm). Non-traumatic(coagul, vasculitis)

Front 49

Traumatic parenchymal brain injuries- talk about

Back 49

Concussion, Contusion, Diffuse axonal injuery, lacerations,

Front 50

Pathogenesis of glomerular diseases - mention

Back 50

1.Ab mediated injury - Solube, in-situ, 2.Cell-mediated injury.

Front 51

Two types of MGN

Back 51

Type I MGN - immune complexes, Early complement
Type II MGN - C3Nef

Front 52

3 types of RPGN

Back 52

Type I - Goodpasure, type II HS, Linear
Type II - SLE, Type III HS
Type III - PAuci immune, ANCA

Front 53

ATN - mention two types

Back 53

Ischemic, Nephrotoxic

Front 54

Hypertensive vascular diseases

Back 54

Hyaline arteriosclerosis, Hyperplastic Arteriosclerosis. Also contributes to ATH

Front 55

Aneurysms, 3 things to mention

Back 55

AAA, Mycotic, Syphillitic

Front 56

Venous disorders - mention ?

Back 56

Varicose veins, Thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis, SVC syndrome

Front 57

Vascular tumors - mention ?

Back 57

Hemangiomas, Lymphangiomas, Glomus tumor, Kaposi Sarcoma, Angiosarcoma, Hemangiopericytoma

Front 58

Rhuematic heart disease - mention

Back 58

Rheumatic fever, Rheumatic heart acute/chronic

Front 59

Stages of ARDS

Back 59

Exudative, Proliferative (day 10), Fibrotic

Front 60

Diffuse polmonary hemorrhage syndromes - 3 types

Back 60

1. Goodpasture, autoimmune
2. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
3. Vasculitis

Front 61

Lesions of the upper respiratory tract - mention

Back 61

Common cold, pharyngitis, epiglottitis, laryngitis

Front 62

Ulcerative and inflammatory lesions of oral cavity - mention

Back 62

Aphta, Herpes, candida, AIDS, condyloma

Front 63

Benign and premalignant epithelial skin tumors

Back 63

Benign - Seborrheic Keratosis, Keratoachantoma, Verrucae. Premalignant - Actinic Keratosis

Front 64

Soft tissue tumors - adipose (benign/malignant tumors, markers)

Back 64

Benign - lipoma, lipoblastoma, hibernoma. Malignant - Liposarcoma S100+

Front 65

Soft tissue tumors - Fibrous tumors (benign/malignant/markers)

Back 65

TLL - Keloid, Nodular fasciitis. Benign - Fibroma. Int. malignancy - Fibromatoses. Malignant- fibrosarcoma-->Alpha-SMA+ only

Front 66

Soft tissue tumors - Fibrouhistiocytic tumors (benign/malignant/markers)

Back 66

Benign - fibrous histiocytoma-->CD68,Vimentin. Int malignancy - DFSP-->CD34,Vimentin. Malignant - MFH-->CD68,Desmin,Actin

Front 67

Soft tissue tumors - Skeletal muscle(benign/malignant/markers)

Back 67

Benign-Rhabdomyoma. Malignant - Rhabdomyosarcoma : Embryonic-CD99,Desmin. Alveolar - Vimentin,MyoD1

Front 68

Soft tissue tumors - smooth muscle(benign/malignant/markers)

Back 68

Benign : Leiomyoma
Malignant : Leiomyosarcoma-->Vimentin,Desmin,AlphaSMA

Front 69

Soft tissue tumors - Peripheral nerves(benign/malignant/markers)

Back 69

TLL : Traumatic neuroma
Benign : Schwanomma, Neurofibroma.
Malignant : MPNST-->S100, PNET-->CD99,NSE. Clear cell sarcoma-->HMB-45, Vimentin

Front 70

Soft tissue tumors - synovial(benign/malignant/markers)

Back 70

Benign - Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath
Malignant - Malignant tenosynovial tumor

Front 71

Intracorposcular forms of Hemolytic anemias - Mention

Back 71

1. Hereditary spherocytosis
2. Sickle cell anemia
3. Thalassemia
4. G6PD Def
5. PNH

Front 72

Extracorposcular forms of Hemolytic anemias - Mention

Back 72

1. Warm/cold AIHA
2. Microangiopathic
3. HDN
4. Malaria