3Rd Year Micro 2Ndsem 1Sct, Assay Questions

Front 1

What is the precise definition of bacterial food poisoning?

Back 1

Acute disease, usually with vomiting and diarrhea, caused by preformed toxins
produced by bacteria contaminating the food. The period between consumption of food
and the appearance of symptoms is short (< 4-6 hours).

Front 2

What are the main symptoms in the different stages of syphilis?

Back 2

Primary syphilis: nontender ulcer(hard chancre)
Secondary lesions: maculopapular rash on skin, and condylomata lata on mucous
membranes
Tertiary stage: granulomas (gummas), central nervous system involvement (tabes
dorsalis, paralysis progressiva), cardiovascular lesions (aortitis, aorta aneurysm)

Front 3

When syphilis is diagnosed in the lab, which antigens are used in the non-treponemal and
in the specific treponemal antibody tests, respectively?

Back 3

Non-treponemal antibody tests: cardiolipin
Specific treponemal antibody tests: Treponema pallidum

Front 4

Which are the two different kinds of antibodies which may indicate syphilis? Give
examples for tests demonstrating them!:

Back 4

Reagin (nonspecific antibody) – RPR, VDRL (flocculation tests)
Immobilisin (specific antibody) – TPHA (T. pallidum hemagglutination), FTA-ABS
(fluorescent treponemal assay – with antibody absorption), TPI (T. pallidum
immobilisation test),

Front 5

What is the advantage and disadvantage of the FTA-ABS syphilis serologic test
compared to the VDRL test?

Back 5

Specific (treponemal) tests such as FTA-ABS are more specific, but they can not be used
to follow the efficacy of treatment (because the specific antibodies persist even after
effective eradication of bacteria)

Front 6

What is the drug of first choice in the treatment of syphilis?

Back 6

Penicillin

Front 7

What is the reservoir and what is the vector for Borrelia recurrentis?

Back 7

Reservoir: human; vector: louse

Front 8

What is used for the laboratory diagnosis of relapsing fever?

Back 8

Direct demonstration of bacteria from peripheral blood smear by microscopy (Giemsa
stain or dark field illumination)

Front 9

What is the first characteristic symptom of Lyme disease? What is the causative
agent?

Back 9

Erythema (chronicum) migrans. Borrelia burgdorferi.

Front 10

Which antibacterial drugs are of first choice in early stage Lyme disease?

Back 10

Tetracyclines, amoxicillin

Front 11

Which symptoms are characteristic for the early and the late phases of disease by
Borrelia burgdorferi?

Back 11

Early: erythema chronicum migrans
Late: arthritis, cardiac (myocarditis, pericarditis) and neurological involvement
(meningitis, peripheral neuropathies)

Front 12

What is the reservoir of Leptospira interrogans?

Back 12

rodents, household animals (dog, swine etc.)

Front 13

Mention 2 obligate intracellular bacterial genuses!

Back 13

Rickettsia, Chlamydia

Front 14

Mention 4 bacteria causing atypical pneumonia!

Back 14

Chlamydia pneumoniae
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetii
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Front 15

What diseases are caused by Rickettsia prowazekii?

Back 15

Louse-borne epidemic typhus
Recurrent form: Brill-Zinsser disease

Front 16

Mention an antibacterial drug active against rickettsial infections!

Back 16

Tetracycline, (and chloramphenicol)

Front 17

What are the reservoir and vector of Rickettsia prowazekii infections?

Back 17

reservoir: human; vector: louse

Front 18

What are the reservoir and vector of Rickettsia typhi infections?

Back 18

reservoir: rodents; vector: flea

Front 19

What is the causative agent of epidemic typhus?

Back 19

Rickettsia prowazekii

Front 20

How can be Chlamydiae and Rickettsiae cultivated?

Back 20

These are obligate intracellular bacteria, can be culture in experimental animals,
embryonated eggs, and cell culture

Front 21

Mention an antibacterial drug active against chlamydial infections!

Back 21

Tetracycline( and erythromycin, azithromycin)

Front 22

List the serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis and the diseases caused by them!

Back 22

Types A,B and C: trachoma (chronic conjunctivitis)
Types D-K: genital tract infections (NGU, PID), inclusion conjunctivitis
Types L1-L3: lymphogranuloma venereum (STD)

Front 23

Mention an antibacterial drug effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections!

Back 23

Erythromycin, azythromycin, tetracycline

Front 24

Why are penicillins not effective against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections?

Back 24

Because of the absence of a cell wall, penicillins are ineffective (penicillins inhibit cell
wall synthesis)

Front 25

What is the Weil-Felix reaction?

Back 25

It is based on the cross-reaction of an antigen present in many rickettsiae with the O
antigen polysaccharide found in certain Proteus vulgaris strains (OX19 OX2, OXK).
The test is a tube agglutination test in which these proteus strains are used as antigens to
demonstrate antibodies from the patient’s serum sample

Front 26

Mention 4 bacteria frequently causing sexually transmitted diseases (STD)!

Back 26

Treponema pallidum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus ducreyi, Chlamydia
trachomatis, Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

Front 27

Which bacterial species can cause hepatitis (jaundice)?

Back 27

Leptospira interrogans

Front 28

Mention a bacterium causing aseptic (serous) meningitis!

Back 28

Treponema pallidum (and Leptospira interrogans, Borrelia burgdorferi)

Front 29

Mention a bacterial pathogen which eludes the host immune response by frequent
antigenic changes!

Back 29

Borrelia recurrentis (and Neisseria gonorrhoeae)

Front 30

What is the causative agent of febris recurrens (recurrent fever)?

Back 30

Borrelia recurrentis

Front 31

What does the fungal dimorphism mean?

Back 31

The same species is capable of existing in two morphological forms (yeast or mold),
depending upon enviromental conditions (temperature, nutrients).

Front 32

Which are the fungi causing systemic infections?

Back 32

Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis,
Paracoccidioides brasiliens

Front 33

Mention 3 species causing opportunistic fungal infections?

Back 33

Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus fumigatus

Front 34

Mention 3 diseases caused by dermatophytons!

Back 34

Tinea corporis, tinea capitis, tinea barbae

Front 35

Which fungal genera have species belonging to the dermatophytons?

Back 35

Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

Front 36

What is the route of transmission of Sporothrix schenkii?

Back 36

Traumatically introduced into the skin.

Front 37

Melyik gombafaj okoz leggyakrabban meningitist?

Back 37

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 38

What are the characteristics manifestations of Candida albicans infections in AIDS?

Back 38

generalised oral candidiasis (GOC), oesophagitis, endocarditis, sepsis

Front 39

What are the different forms of pulmonary aspergillosis?

Back 39

1. Aspergillus ball (in preformed cavities)
2. invasive aspergillosis (in immunosuppression)
3. allergic broncopulmonary aspergillosis

Front 40

What is the usual source of infection in systemic mycoses?

Back 40

soil

Front 41

What is the usual site of entry of fungi causing systemic mycoses?

Back 41

respiratory tract (inhalation)

Front 42

Which morphological form of Coccidioides immitis can be found in the human body?

Back 42

spherule

Front 43

Which human pathogenic fungus has a capsule?

Back 43

Cryptococcus neoformans

Front 44

Mention a Candidal disease that develops in mucous membranes

Back 44

vulvovaginitis