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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which tumors are sensitive to chemo?
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lymphoma
hematopoetic |
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Which chemo agents are cell-cycle specific and what do they target?
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Vinca Alkaloids --> inhibit microtubule formation
Antimetabolites --> interfere with biosynthesis of nucleic acids |
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In what situations would you not want to dose by BSA?
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cats and small dogs (<15kg)
-use dose per kg |
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You do a CBC on an animal set to get chemo. At what level of neutrophils and platelets do you say no to treatment?
At what level of neutrophils should you: 1 - monitor for fever 2 - treat with antibiotics |
Neutrophils --> <2,5000
Platelets --> <50,000 1 - 1,500-2,500 2 - <1,500 or if fever and neutropenia |
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If toxicity occurs with chemo, how much should you reduce the dose?
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by 25%
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What 4 chemo drugs have severe myelosupression?
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1 - doxorubicin
2 - cyclophosphamide 3 - vinblastine 4 - carboplatin |
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What 5 chemo drugs have moderate myelosuppression?
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1 - cisplatin
2 - melphalan 3 - chlorambucil 4 - CCNU 5 - methotrexate |
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What drugs have mild myelosuppression if given alone?
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1 - L-aspariginase
2 - vincristine |
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What chemo drug will cause immiate vomiting (GI toxicity) because of activation of the CRTZ?
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cisplatin
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What GI sign is seen in cats with vincristine?
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constipation
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What GI effect does doxorubicin cause?
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colitis
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What two drugs can cause severe perivascular reactions if injected outside the vein?
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doxorubicin and vincristine
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What chemo drug is highly cardiotoxic?
-causes arrythmias ans HF -what can you do to try to prevent these SEs? |
doxorubicin
-dose dependent with max cumulative dose >240 -give slow or dexrazoxane |
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What SE is caused by a metabolite of cyclophosphamide?
What can you do to try to minimize these SE? |
hemorrhagic cystitis
- give furosemide -administer in AM and encourage urination -give with pred to decrease inflammation -give Mesna - binds urotoxic metabolites |
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What are treatments to hemorrhagic cystitis caused by cyclophosphamide?
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1 - diuresis
2 - oxybutinin (reduces stranguria) 3 - pred 4 - treat infections 5 - infusion of formalin or DMSO |
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What 3 drugs are highly nephrotoxic?
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1 - cisplatnin
2 - streptozotocin 3 - doxorubicin (cats) |
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What 2 drugs cause allergic reactions?
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1 - L-asparaginase - anaphylaxis
2 - doxorubicin - non-immunologic mast cell degranulation |
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How do alkylating agents work and what are 3 examples?
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Cross-link DNA
1 - cyclophosphamide - most common 2 - lomustine (CCNU) 3 - Chlorambucil |
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What is CCNU (lomustine) used for?
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-resucue agent for lymphoma
mast cell malignant histiocytosis |
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What is cholorambuli mostly used for?
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GI lymphoma in cats
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How do antimetabolites work and what are 2 examples?
-what are both good for? |
-interfere with biosyntheis of nucleic acids
1 - cytosine arabinoside 2 - methotrexate - both work well on lymphoma |
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How do plant alkaloids work and what are 2 examples?
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1 - vincristine
2 - vinblastine -inhibit microtubule formation |
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What is vinblastine good for?
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mast cell tumors
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What is vincristine good for?
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lymphoma, TVT, sarcoma
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How do antibiotics work for chemo agents and what are some examples?
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-inhibit DNA and RNA synthesis
-hepatic met. and exretion 1 - doxorubicin 2 - mitoxantrone 3 - dactinomycin |
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How does cisplatin work and what is it used on?
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binds to and cross-links DNA
-urinary excretion -osteosarcomas, carcinomas, intracavitary neoplasms, - PRIMARY for osteosarcomas |
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What type of tumors is NSAIDs good for?
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TCC, nasal, prostatic
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What is the complete remission rate when treating canine lymphoma with a single agent?
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1 - pred = <50% (1-2 months)
2 - doxorubicin = 60-75% (6-9 months) |
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What is the complete remission rate when a combo protocol is used?
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75-90%
(10-12 months) - 25% survive > 2years |
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What drugs make up the COP protocol? What is the mean survival time?
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-Cyclophosphamide
- Oncovin (Vincristine) - Pred - 6 months |
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What drugs make up the wisconsin mad protocol> What is the remission rate and survival?
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COP + Doxorubicin
- L-Aspariginase Sometimes -85-90% complete remission and med survival is 1 year |
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What drugs are used as rescue treatments?
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1 - CCNU + pred
2 - L-aspariginase + pred 3 - MOPP |
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What makes up the top types of canine lymphoma?
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1 - multicentric (80%) --> most are asymptomatic with 20-40% with non-specific CSs
2 - GI (5-10%) 3 - Mediastinal (5%) --> cranial mediastinal or thymus |
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What type of lymphomas are mediastinal normally and what percentage of these are hyperCa?
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T cell
40% are hyperCa --> makes PUPD --> isothenuria --> because ADH is inhibited |
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What does lab data say with canine lymphoma?
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- anemia is most common
-neutriphilia -also lymphocytosis -thrombocytopenia |
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What is the average survival for B cell vs. T cell lymphoma in dogs?
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B - cell = 389 days
T - cell = 159 days |
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What is the difference in survial for a substage A vs. B?
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A = 345 days
B = 44 days |
