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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cutting instruments
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Scalepl (conventional, changeable blade), Cooper/Mayo/Peritoneal/Knee scissors (sharp, blunt)
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Grasping & Retracting instruments
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Grasping : Forceps(surgical, anatomical, special(dental)). Clamps- towel, backhouse, doyen, peritoneal, lumniczer
Retracting : Manual retractors (2-8prongs), Langenback, Spatula. Automatic retractors (Finochioto, Gausset, mastoid) |
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Hemostatic instruments
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Pean, Kocher, Mosquito, Dechamps
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Special instruments
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Intestinal clamps, bulldog, debakey, blalock, Statinsky
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Suturing instruments
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Needle holders : Matheau, Hegar, Zweifel
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Needles
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Needles : Skin-3/8 triangular, Muscle-1/2,5/8 Triangular, Seros-1/2 round sharp tip, Parenchyma-Blunt end atraumatic
Serosa,Parenchyma,Vessels - use atruamatic needles |
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Threads
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Skin : 1/0,0,Non absorbable
Muscle : 1/0, 2/0 absorbable Seroa : Etyhlon 0, Long term absorbable Spleen,Liver - use monofilament or pseduo monofilament |
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Sonnenburg table
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Right, top-to-bottom: Scalpel, Forceps, Scissors
Top middle, left-to-right : Forceps, Scissors Top right : Hemostatic Top middle : Peritoneal clamps Middle : Doyens(4-6), Towel clamps(4) (doyens more to the top) Middle bottom : Needle holders + needles Right bottom : Cooper scissors |
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Big table
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Top left : Automatic retractors,
Top middle : Physical solution, needles, suture metrial Top right : Towels + dressings Middle left : manual retractors Middle : towel clamps(4), doyens(4-6), scissors Bottom left : special instruments Bottom middle : Forceps, needle holders Bottom right : Peritoneal clamps, hemostatic |
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Absrobable suture materials
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Natural (3 C's) : Catgut, Collagen, Chitin
Synthetic : Polyglactin, Polyglycolic acid, Polydiaxanone |
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Non absorbable suture materials
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Natural : Silk, Linen, Steel (SLS)
Synthetic : Polyamide, Polyester, Polypropylene |
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Important features of suture material
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Non toxic, non allergic, non-toxigeniic, good tensile and high-breaking strength, easy handling, low-cost
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2 knotting and 3 suturing types
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Knotting : Mariner, surgical
Suturing : Simple interrupted, Donati, Running stitch |
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Scrubbing
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Scrub solutions :
Skinman soft N, Skinman Asept, Biotensis Steps : 1. Remove jewllery 2. Clean fingernails 3. Wash hands in soap & warm water. Rinse hands from palms downwards 4. Rub antiseptic solution onto hands and forearms. At least 5 x 1min (5ml each time). Each time rub closer to the palm 5. Hands need to be dry at the end of the process |
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Gowning, Gloving
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Gowning : Take the gown from the collar, open it and simultaneously put your hands into the sleeves. Ask someone to assist you to tie the gown from behind.
Gloving : Take opesite hand and open the glove from inside. Do the same with other hand but open the glove from outside |
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Methods of sterilization
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Steam autoclaving, dry heat, Etyhlene oxide, Gamma irradiation, Cold sterilization (Gluteraldehyde)
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Types of bleeding
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Capillary, Venous, Arterial, Mixed, Parenchymal
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Temporary ways to stop the bleeding
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Use bulldog, blalock, Debakey, statinsky (vascular non crashing atraumatic)
Arterial bleeding : digital pressing proximal to the wound, bandage, torniquet. Compression of vessel only in life-saving situations. Vessels involved (common carotid, brachial,sub clavian,femoral, abdominal aorta) Venous - only bandages (do not use torniquet (can damage nerves) |
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Stopping the bleeding definitivly
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Closing the vessel lumen :
Mechanical - ligation of vessel, torsion of vessel Physical - Electrocoagulation, Laser coagulation Chemically - dicynon Biological - bioplast Reconstruction of the vessel lumen - Vascular surgery |
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Steps of venous cutdown techniques (venous preparation)
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1. Catheter preparation (check air bubbles)
2. Check infusion solution(expiration date) 3. Skin incision, stop the bleeding 4. Exposure of the vein (parallel spreading with scissors) 5. Isolate the vein between two ligatures 6. Perform the distal ligature 7. V-shape cut in the vein 8. Insert catheter 9. Connect the infusion 10. U stitch 11. Closure of incision |
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Skin suturing (needle, thread, stitch)
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3/8 cutting needle, Polyfilament non-absorbable. Use Donati or simple interrupted. Leave 1cm flag.
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Muscle suturing (needle, thread, stitch)
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5/8 or 1/2 Cutting needle, polyfilament non-absorbable thread (usually). Use simple interrupted stitch. Don't leave flag, cut immediately above thread.
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