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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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60s to 70s
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• The demise of the counterculture
• The separation of popular music from political ferment |
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The end of idealism
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68 Democratic Convention
New Left factionalism Weather Underground Manson Family Tet Offensive Fred Hampton shooting Altamont Festival Illegal bombing of Cambodia 100s of Panthers dead or jailed Kent State Nat Guard shootings NY construction workers attacking anti-war protesters and hippies Nixon Admin state of outright repression Death of Hendrix, Joplin, Morrison |
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• The Decade of Retreat
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unresolved issues (Civil Rights / Anti-War)
- advances in ecology, anti-nuclear, women’s movts - voices given to poor and minorities - questioned notions of masculinity and femininity |
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Developments
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record companies learned mistakes from 50s/60s
- ready to sign non-mainstream acts - distribute / acquire independent labels Expansion of FM rock radio (anti-AM) - late 60s/early 70s moment of free form Rise of Alternative Press: Rolling Stone (Jan Wenner), Cream, Crawdaddy -Lester Bangs -Robert Christgau -Jon Landau Guitar Heroes/Super Groups/Power Trios/British Invasion, 2nd Wave |
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• Biggest Mergers
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Warner/Elektra/Atlantic: holdings in film, television, magazines, 2 dozen labels, distribution networks, 63 comic books
CBS: Labels, pressing plants, distribution, studios, publishing, Columbia record and tape, Discount records, Fender, Rhodes, Leslie, Rogers CBS and warner had 40 % of the market |
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Cream
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Eric Clapton – gtr
Jack Bruce – bass Ginger Baker – drums |
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Blues Psychadelic Rock
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impeccable musicianship
-extended soloing -traditional blues tunes -“Toad” extended drum solo (precursor to Moby Dick) -precursor to progressive rock acts like Rush -collapsed under it’s own weight (volume, song length) |
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Jimi Hendrix
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Blues R&B background (Tenn)
- chitlin’ circuit road band (Little Richard, Ike Turner) England: The Experience (Noel Redding, Mitch Mitchell) Feedback -Overdriven distortion -Wah wah pedal -Stereo phasing -Left-handed (pickup backwards) -Played with teeth, behind back |
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Paul Gilroy
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The Black Atlantic
* issues of minstrelsy in England, unwillingness to embrace black causes, showmanship gimmicks overshadowing higher ideals of musicianship |
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ACID
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• white activists become alienated from black power militancy / movt
-masculinist posturing “only position for women in movement is on their backs” • white movt becomes more identified with middle class alternatives -elevated consciousness -social change -eastern mysticism/spiritual transcendence -peace/communalism/ free love -feminine energy base -anti competitive / achievement (baby boomers selling out now) • free love/ drugs part of this -arc of Haight-Ashbury reveals gap -Woodstock a mirror of social issues |
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drug songs
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Beatles - yellow sub
PPM - puff the magic dragon Association - along comes mary Rolling Stones - jumpin jack flash Jimi - purple haze Byrds - 8 miles high Airplane – white rabbit |
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Synesthesia
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sight and sound
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Acid Places
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Bill Graham’s Fillmore, Avalon Ballroom
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Acid Rock
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with rock-musician-as-artist ideology in the work of the Beatles, Bob Dylan, Brian Wilson.
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Lear
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tune in turn on drop out
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Ken Kesey
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Merry Pranksters
Trips Festivals Electric Kool Aid Acid Test |
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Grateful Dead
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Anti-commercialism
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Chester Helms
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Family dog
Big Brother and the Holding Company Fillmore (alternating with graham) Avalon from 66-68 Tribal stomps in Golden Gate Park (2005 |
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James Brown
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• Repetitive, riff based instrumental style, elevated rhythm above harmony
- continued constant style through 5 decades - never compromised style to crossover, no concessions to mainstream sensibilities - most sampled musician in rap and hip-hop eras - assumed role of cultural and political ambassador for black musicians - African in cyclic sense, but NOT for lack of harmony • Effect: Heightened emotional condition -rhythm and timbre (instrumental as well as vocal) -abandoned chord changes -vocal melody is reiterations of brief formulaic pitch shapes -static harmony -instruments repeating riffs and holding chords (one chord vamps, horn hits 1956 Please Please Please - straight strophic 50s R&B ballad - already leaving traditional notions of verbal grammar and meaning - syncopated and accented repetitions of single words 1962 Live at the Apollo – 1st important concert record #2 Billboard 1965 Papa’s Got a Brand New Bag – 1st crossover top ten 1968 Say it Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud - #1 R&B, #10 pop - anthem of black liberation as well as black movements in other countries 1970 Sex Machine -height of form |
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Meters 1967
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House band at Sea-Saint Studios, N.O.
-Allan Toussaint -Marshall Sehorn Art Neville George Porter Leo Nocentelli Zigaboo Modeliste Neville Bros Band |
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Parlimant Funkadelic
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George Clinton
1967 I Wanna Testify (Berry Gordy) • attached to hippies, LSD, Jimi Hendrix Dr. Funkenstein Maggot Overlord Uncle Jam Sci-fi fantasy (glam, psychedelic, Zappa) -polyrhythmic -acid guitar -jazz horns -R&B vocal harmonies -syncopated bass lines “Free Your Mind and your Ass Will Follow – Casablanca - shorter, simpler, accessible Horny Horns Brides of Funkenstein Rubber Band Mothership Connection |
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GARAGE
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byproduct of early rock, british invasion hysteria, and cheaper instruments
- groundwork for punk, outsider rock - DIY / self taught - little commercial success but greatly influential - style remains unchanged Paul Revere and the Raiders ? and the Mysterians |
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Kinsmen 1963
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one hit wonder
-banned from airwaves -secret lyrics 45 at 33 1/2 -30 month FBI investigation |
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MC5 1964-1972
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Wayne Kramer, Fred “Sonic” Smith
-far left political ties, anti-establishment lyrics -John Sinclair, White Panthers (‘69 arrests, Free John Now) -Rolling Stone ‘68 -free jazz and LSD -3 albums, all classics -Live debut: Kick Out the Jams |
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Iggy Pop and the Stooges
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energy and abandon
rock iguana -godfather of punk -stage shows: stage dive, rolling in broken glass, rubbing raw meat, exposing himself, vomiting -heroin addiction -with Bowie in Berlin -Velvet Goldmine film |
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Art rock
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The Who – first consciously Pop Art band
- blurred the distinction between high art and mass culture - stage and costume design - rock opera Tommy/Quadrophenia (The Who Sell Out |
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Glam rock
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• Disappearance/marginalization of Blacks from art/rock/metal
- transvestitism + futurism - challenged traditional notions of masculinity and femininity (never gay, but multi-gender) - homosexual reforms in Britain, Stonewall riots in NY - sexual ambiguity was briefly in vogue in early 70s - excess and drug use Mercer Art Center – |
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New York Dolls 1973
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anti fashion
epicenter of punk - David Johansen, lead singer (Buster Poindexter) - Todd Rundgren, producer - full drag (high heels, tights, mini skirts, makeup) - transsexual junkies - cult status - ambiguous sexuality and refraction of English glam scene unpalatable outside of NY - gave focus to early lower Manhattan rock scene |
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T. Rex
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- Marc Bolan, singer (faux gay space alien)
Electric Warrior 1971 (1st glam record) “Bang a Gong” Influence on David Bowie Sweet “Ballroom Blitz |
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David Bowie (David Jones/Bowie knife
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At a time when music traded on the idea of authenticity or high-art, Bowie marketed brazen artificiality
- Raised serious issues about sexual orientation in rock, whether his claims to homosexuality were genuine or part of his characters - androgyny, sexual ambiguity and other-worldliness - Warhol, pop art, mime, Japanese kabuki - consistent theme of alienation, alienated characters Many bands and acts(he was a plastic rocker Ziggy stardust showd how rockstars lived, opened bisexuality /future rock Alladin sane-explored psychadelic-lack of eyebrows Thin white duke(plastic) cocain problem pre disco/White americas/plastic soul He was a consumer rocker, and an alien Space odicy(space race with russia) Produced: Iggy – Raw Power Lou Reed – Transformer Mott the Hoople – All the Young Dude |
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Punk
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Industry doubled/ industry consolidation
- Anti everything - Deconstructed rock - Ideology of punk is an attack on the industry and the star system Re-asserted basic rock values of rebellion against authority, middle class values - created it’s own inner contradictions - exploitation of rebellion - a fashion against fashion - vs established authority with symbols of fascist regalia |
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CBGBs (Country, Bluegrass, Blues) 1974
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- Hilly Kristal
- center of NY underground rock scene - gave bands a chance to learn/experiment onstage (Television, Patti Smith, Blondie, Ramones, Talking Heads |
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Television 1973
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Tom Verlaine, gtr
- Richard Hell, b - supplied punk look (ripped clothes, close shaved hair) - anti-glam, anti-hippie “Blank Generation” 1st punk classic Marquee Moon 1977 - #3 Pitchfork’s Best of 70s Played at CBGB |
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Patti Smith
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- poet, performance artist
- godmother of punk - first punker with a contract (Arista) - spoken word/free verse & improvisatory rock - cross dressing and gender ambiguity suggested possible new roles for women in punk Horses 1975 (prod by John Cale |
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Ramones 1974
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(Joey, Johnny, DeeDee, Tommy)
- considered first actual punk band - speed, volume, brevity*2 minute songs) - toured England, influenced Brit scene, 2nd wave LA hardcore - manager came from Stooges/Lou Reed - 50s throwback look - Sire Records “the punk label” (Ramones, Talking Heads, Dead Boys, Voidoids, Pretenders |
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Sex Pistols 1975
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Malcom McLaren – Sex boutique (thus Sex Pistols)
- claimed to manage NY Dolls - media mastermind EMI dropped them because of interview they couldnt stay with one label - saw band as way to sell clothes John Lydon (Johnny Rotten) John Ritchie (Sid Vicious |
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The Clash 1976
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Joe Strummer, v/gtr
Mick Jones, gtr Paul Simonon, b Topper Headon, d - added the element of social realism and musicianship - more socially engaged than nihilistic - added elements of dub reggae, ska, rockabilly - committed leftists and advocated radical politics, solidarity with liberation movts - early tours with the Sex Pistols - CBS (100k) “the day punk died -they made their own cloths for shows |
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Heavy Metal
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-Blues-based
-Acid rock -Art music -Celtic Mysticism -Occult -Satanic references -Nazi paraphernalia -Gratuitous umlauting: Motörhead, Blue Öyster Cult, Mötley Crüe (twice), Spi¨nal Tap (not even a vowel) -Gothic lettering -Fantasy art – HR Giger COCK ROCK |
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Deep Purple
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-smoke on the water
-highway star |
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Black Sabbath
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-paranoid
-iron man |
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Led Zeppelin 1968-80
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Beck, Moon, Entwistle
Biggest band of the 70s Greatest hard rock band of all time? 300 million albums Robert Plant – v high tenor, stage posturing Jimmy Page (Yardbirds) – g blues riffs, guitar virtuoso John Paul Jones – b intellectual, multi-instr John Bonham – d “fearsome thump” - blues - folk - Celtic - (later) rockabilly, country, reggae, latin - Riot House (Hyatt House) mythology Physical Graffiti 1975 Heavy metal comes from this(deep purple and black sabath are the godfathers) root with the 5th on top and lack of 3rd double the octive "moby dick was first real drum solo first AOR concept stairway to heaven |
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AOR
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CONCEPT OF NO SINGLES
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Corrine, Corrina
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• Bo Chatmon 1928-“black hillbilly music
guitar mandolin fiddle Staple of oral tradition Jazz and Jump 1950s/60s: emergence of rock n roll creates crossover strategies • Ray Peterson 1960 -Phil Spector’s first session 1960s: moving towards race-free utopia Contemporary: full circle • Taj Mahal -unpolished ambience of field recording -no arrangement -rough voice -finger picked -National steel -evokes early rural blues -sloppy, out of tune |
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RAP
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4 elements:
Disc jockeys (DJs / Turntablists), Emcees (MCs) Breakdancers (b-boys and b-girls) Graffiti writers (aerosol artists) Roots: South Africa bardic tradition (storyteller singer + kora) Black poetic speech ‘Toast’ |
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Kool Herc (Clive Campbell, b.1955 in Jamaica
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Migrated from Kingston, Jamaica to New York City at age 12
Mixing, ‘Breakbeat music’, turntable as instrument, use of microphone |
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New School Rap83-84
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Yo! MTV
Rap category in the Grammy Award Rap singles chart in Billboard |
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Run DMC
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Trio: MCs Run, (Joseph Simmons, b.1964) and D.M.C. (Darryl McDaniels, b.1964), DJ Jam Master Jay (Jason Mizell, b. 1965)
Fashions ‘Walk This Way’ (1986) collaboration with the hard rock group Aerosmith |
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Public Enemy
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Founded in 1982
2 MCs + 1 DJ: Chuck D (a.k.a. Carlton Ridenhour, b.1960), Flavor Flav (William Drayton, b.1959) and Terminator X (Norman Lee Rogers, b.1966) Minster of Information (Professor Griff, a.k.a. Richard Griffin) |
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Gangsta Rap (1990s
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N.W. A. / Niggaz with Attitude: O’Shea ‘Ice Cube’ Jackson (b.1969) + Andre ‘Dr. Dre’ Young (b.1965) + Eric ‘Eazy-E’ Wright (1973-95)
Snoop Doggy Dogg (Calvin Broadus): b.1972, ‘What’s My Name’ from Doggystyle 1993 Wu Tang Clan, Jay-Z, Ice T, 2Pac Shakur, Notorious B.I.G. ‘Fuck the Police’ by N.W.A. (1989): from the album Straight Outta Compto |
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Female Rappers
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Queen Latifah, Salt-N-Pepa (Spinderella, Salt and Pepa), TLC (Chili, Left Eye and T-Boz), Missy ‘Misdemeanor’ Elliott, Lil’ Kim, Queen Pen
Lauryn Hill b.1975, South Orange, New Jersey ‘Doo Wop (That Thing |
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Foreign Rap
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J’aruai pu croire’(I Could have Believed) (1993): colonialism
Tangata Whenua’ (People of the Land) (1998 1990s: LMF - LazyMuthaFucka 2000s: FAMA (meaning ‘farmer’) 2000s: MC Hotdog |
