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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does meosis do?
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•Reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half the number in the original cell
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How many chromosomes are do gametes have?
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23
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Are new cells identical the original parent cell?
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NO!
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Hapliod cells are...
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...the product of meiosis, they have half the number of chromosomes in a normal cell
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How many times does a cell divide to make gametes?
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Four.
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What is oogenesis?
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Meiosis producing eggs & occurs in the female's ovaries
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What is spermatogenesis?
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Meiosis producing sperm cells & occurs in the testes
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What is the result of the synapsis(joining) of homologous chromosomes?
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Tetrads.
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What is evolution?
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The slow process of change in living populations over time
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What are variations?
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Differences that occur due to crossing-over among members of a sexually reproducing population.
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Whay are variations important?
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Because the survival of individuals in a population (some must survive to reproduce)
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Why do variations rarely occur in asexual reproducing populations?
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Because all of thier genes are identical.
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What is a trait?
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Any characteristic that can be passed from parent to offspring
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What is heredity?
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Passing of traits from parent to offspring
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What are alleles?
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two forms of a gene (dominant & recessive)
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What is the difference between dominant and recessive?
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D-stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid;
R-gene that shows up less often in a cross |
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What is a dihybrid cross?
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cross involving two traits
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What are polygenic traits?
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Traits controlled by two or more genes.
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Who was Gregor Mendel?
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An Austrian monk who studied the genetic traits of pea plants, "Father of Genetics"
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What were Mendel's traits in
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Seed shape
Seed Color Pod Shape Pod Color Seed Coat Color Flower position - Axial (A) or Terminal (a) Plant Height Flower color |
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How did Mendel produce pure strains?
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By allowing the plants to self-pollinate for several generations
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What is the P1 generation?
What is the F1 generation? |
The parental generation; the beginning generation.
The F1 generation is the filial; first offspring of the P1 generation |
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What does the Law of Dominance state?
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that the dominant allele will always be expreesed over recessive
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What does the Law of Segregation state?
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that each genetic trait is produced by a pair of alleles which separate (segregate) during reproduction
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What does the Law of Independent Assortment state?
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states that each factor (gene) is distributed (assorted) randomly and independently of one another in the formation of gametes
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What is incomplete dominance?
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in heterozygous or hybrid genotypes; where the 2 alleles blend to give a different phenotype
(white+red=pink flowers) |
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What is an example of multiple alleles for one trait?
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ABO blood types
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What is polygenic inheritance?
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occurs whenever many variations are in the resulting phenotypes such as in hair, skin, & eye color
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What are the three reasons we all look so different?
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1. Crossing over
2. Independant Assortment 3. Random fertilization |
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What is the difference between dominant and recessive?
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D-stronger of two genes expressed in the hybrid;
R-gene that shows up less often in a cross |
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What is a dihybrid cross?
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cross involving two traits
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What are polygenic traits?
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Traits controlled by two or more genes.
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Who was Gregor Mendel?
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An Austrian monk who studied the genetic traits of pea plants, "Father of Genetics"
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What were Mendel's traits in
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Seed shape
Seed Color Pod Shape Pod Color Seed Coat Color Flower position - Axial (A) or Terminal (a) Plant Height Flower color |
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How did Mendel produce pure strains?
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By allowing the plants to self-pollinate for several generations
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What is the P1 generation?
What is the F1 generation? |
The parental generation; the beginning generation.
The F1 generation is the filial; first offspring of the P1 generation |
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What does the Law of Dominance state?
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that the dominant allele will always be expreesed over recessive
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What does the Law of Segregation state?
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that each genetic trait is produced by a pair of alleles which separate (segregate) during reproduction
|
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What does the Law of Independent Assortment state?
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states that each factor (gene) is distributed (assorted) randomly and independently of one another in the formation of gametes
|
|
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What is incomplete dominance?
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in heterozygous or hybrid genotypes; where the 2 alleles blend to give a different phenotype
(white+red=pink flowers) |
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What is an example of multiple alleles for one trait?
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ABO blood types
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What is polygenic inheritance?
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occurs whenever many variations are in the resulting phenotypes such as in hair, skin, & eye color
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What are the three reasons we all look so different?
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1. Crossing over
2. Independant Assortment 3. Random fertilization |
