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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Cell division?
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The process by which cells produce new cells
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Which cells must be replaced often?
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The lining of gut, white blood cells, skin cells with a short lifespan
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Which cells do not divide after birth?
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Muscle and nerve cells
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3 reasons for cell division?
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Cell growth
Repair & replacement of damaged cell parts Reproduction of the species |
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What does DNA do and what is DNA?
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Plans for making cells
Deoxyribose nucleic acid, is a long thin molecule that stores genetic information |
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What are chromosomes?
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A long, single, tightly-coiled DNA molecule
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What are chromosomes made of?
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Proteins
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When are chromosomes visible?
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Whn the cell is dividing
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What is DNA called when the cell is NOT dividing?
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Chromatin
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What holds together duplicated chromosomes?
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Centromeres
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What are the halves of a duplicated chromosome called?
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Sister chromatids
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What does the DNA of prokaryotes look like?
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One circular chromosome attached to the inside of the cell memberane
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What is the cell cycle?
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The phases of a cell during their life before they divide to form new cells
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What are the two main parts of the cell cycle?
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Interphase and Cell Division
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What are the two main parts of Cell Division?
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Misotsis, the splitting of the nucleus, and Cytokinesis, the splitting of the cytoplasm.
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What is the Interphase?
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the longest part of a cell's life cycle
Cells grow, develop, & carry on all their normal metabolic functions during interphase |
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What is interphase also called?
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the "resting stage" because the cell isn't dividing
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What three things happen during interphase?
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•Cells mature & increase in size by making more cytoplasm & organelles while carrying normal metabolic activities.
•Genetic material of the cell (DNA) is copied or replicated •Cell makes all the structures needed to divide |
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What are the three parts of interphase called?
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G1, S, & G2 phases
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What is binary fission?
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The asexual reproduction of prokaryotic cells
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Why do prokatyotes divide asexually(binary fission)?
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Because they have no nucleus.
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What has to occur in the cell division of eukaryotes?
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The cells must duplicate so that the chromosomes of the original and of the new cells are exactly alike.
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When is DNA copied?
What is cancer? How is it caused? |
Interphase
The uncontrollabe mitosis in cells, caused by a protein mutation. |
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What type of reproduction is cell division?
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Asexual
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What are the four stages of mitosis in order?
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Prophase, Metaphase, anaphase, & Telophase
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What happens during prophase?
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•Chromosomes become visible when they condense into sister chromatids
•Sister chromatids attach to each other by the centromere •Centrioles in animal cells move to opposite ends of cell •Spindle forms from centriole (animals) or microtubules (plants) •Nuclear membrane dissolves •Nucleolus disintegrates |
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What happens during metaphase?
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•Chromosomes line up in center or equator of the cell attached to kinetochore fibers of the spindle
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What happens during anaphase?
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•Kinetochore fibers attached to the centromere pull the sister chromatids apart
•Chromosomes move toward opposite ends of cell |
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What happens during telophase?
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•Nuclear membrane forms at each end of the cell around the chromosomes
•Nucleolus reform •Chromosomes become less tightly coiled & appear as chromatin again •Cytokinesis begins |
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What is the difference between cytokinesis in plants and animals?
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In plant, and cell plate forms inbetween the cells and eventually becomes a cell wall.
In animals, a cleavage furrow forms and "pinches" the two celss apart. |
