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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What types of countries are protozoal infections common?
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tropical and subtropical
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Why are protozoan infections more difficult to treat than bacterial infections?
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They are eukaryotes; their metaboloic processes are closer to those of human hosts
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amebiasis (AKA amebic dysentery) is an infection of the intestinal tract caused by
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Entamoeba hystolytica
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3 classifications of amebicidal drugs
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luminal, systemic or mixed
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class of amebicidal drug that acts on the parasite in teh lumen of the bowel
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luminal amebicides
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class of amebicidial drug that is effective against amebas in the intestinal wall and liver
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systemic amebicides
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Drug of choice for treating amebic infections
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mixed amebicide: metronidazole (Flagyl)
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Drug of choice for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis caused by c. difficlie
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metronidazole (Flagyl)
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treatment for giardia lamblia and trichomonas vaginalis
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metronidazole (Flagyl)
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Adverse effects of metronidazole (Flagyl)
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disulfiram-like effect if taken with alcohol
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Agent needed to treat asymptomatic colonization state following the treatment of invasive intestinal or amebic disease is complete
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luminal agent: iodoquinol
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drugs useful for treating liver abscesses or intestinal wall infections caused by amebas
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systemic amebicides
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Example of systemic amebicide:
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choloroquine (Aralen)
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effective treatment for Malaria
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choroquine (Aralen)
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most dangerous species of plasmodium that can cause Malaria
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Signs and symptoms of plasmodium falciparum
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persistent high fever
orthostatic hypotension massive erythrocytosis |
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What is massive erythrocytosis?
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abnormal elevation in the nubmer of RBCs plus swollen and reddish condition of the limbs
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Life Cycle of Plasmodium:
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mosquito infects bloodstream through bite of mosquito --> blood --> liver where they form merozoites --> released --> invade RBC --> become trophozoite --> multiply --> merozoites --> the RBC will eventually rupture --> release heme and merozoites that invade other RBCs
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Diagnosis of malaria
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ID of parasites in RBC of peripheral smears
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drug that eradicates primary exoerythrocytic forms of Plasmodium falciparum
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primaquine
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Effectiveness of primaquine against the erythrocytic stage of malaria
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not effective; therefore, it is often used in conjunction with a blood schizonticide (choloroquine)
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lood schizonticides
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chloroquine
quinine mefloquine |
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mainstay of antimalarial therapy
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cholorquine
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drug of choice in the treatment of erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum (except in resistant strains)
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chloroquine
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Resistance of plasmodia to available problems is a problem in what countries?
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Africa
Asia South America Central America |
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Effectiveness of primaquine against the erythrocytic stage of malaria
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not effective; therefore, it is often used in conjunction with a blood schizonticide (choloroquine)
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lood schizonticides
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chloroquine
quinine mefloquine pyrimethamine |
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mainstay of antimalarial therapy
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cholorquine
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drug of choice in the treatment of erythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum (except in resistant strains)
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chloroquine
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Resistance of plasmodia to available problems is a problem in what countries?
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Africa
Asia South America Central America |
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Treatment for chloroquine-resistant therapy
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combo: quinine, pyrimethaimine and sulfonamide
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potential single agent for treatment of multi-drug resistant forms of P. falciparum
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mefloquine (Lariam)
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drug used for severe infestation and for malarial strains resistant to other agents
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quinine
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protozoan transmitted through raw or inadequately cooked, infected meat
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Toxoplasma gondii
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protozoan oocyte shed by cats that infect other animals
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toxoplasma gondii
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treatment of choice for toxoplasma gondii
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antifolate drug: pyrimethamine
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drug administered to protect against folate deficiency
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Leucovorin
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most commonly diagnosed intestinal parasite in the US
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Giardia lamblia
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most common transmission of Giardia
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contaminated drinking water
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DOC for Giardia
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metronidazole
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