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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"acid-fast" bacteria
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mycobacterium
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cause leprosy
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mycobacteria
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intracellular bacteria that cause the formation of slow-growing granulomatous lesions
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mycobacteria
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How many first line agents recommended for antituberculosis therapy?
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5
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drugs that are less effective or more toxic
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second line meds
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How long should mycobacterium tuberculosis be treated?
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6 months to 2 years
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What do we use to prevent or delay emergence of resistant strains?
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multidrug therapy: always minimum of 2 drugs
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5 first line drugs
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isoniazid
rifampin ethambutol streptomycin pryazinamide |
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What do you do with the treatment once the signs and symptoms are subclinical?
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Continue treatment!!
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Example of Short Course chemotherapy:
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isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for 2 months
Then isoniazid and rifampin for 4 mo. **Ethambutol or streptomycin nmay be added to this regimen |
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To ensure complete treatment of TB, one successful strategy is...
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"directly observed therapy"
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Most potent anit-TB drug
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isoniazid (INH)
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INH is
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isoniazid = most potent anti-TB drug
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Adverse effects of INH
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peripheral neuritis (paresthesia)
relative pyridoxine deficiency |
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How do you correct pyridoxine deficiency induced by INH?
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vitamin B6
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most active antileprosy drug
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rifampin
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adverse effects of ethambutol
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optic neurtitis: examine visual acuity periodically
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used in combo with rifampin and INH
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pyrazinamide
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2nd line anti-TB drugs
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Fluoroquinolones and macrolides
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important in treatment of mulitdrug-resistant TB
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fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin)
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used for treatment of M. avium intracellulare complex infections
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macrolides: azithromycin and clarithromycin
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preferred macrolide for HIV patients infected with M. avium intracellulare complex
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azithromycin
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Hansen disease aka
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leprosy
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WHO recommends triple drug therapy for leprosy...
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dapsone, clofazimine and rifampin
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organism that causes leprosy
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mycobacterium leprae
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used in the treatment of pneumonia caused by pneumocystis jiroveci
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dapsone
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