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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viruses are
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obligate intracellular parasites. Therapy tricky b/c clinical symptoms appear late, when most of the virus particles have already replicated.
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T or F : Most virus groups respond to available antiviral drugs.
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False. "Only a few virus groups respond..."
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Immunization against influenza A is
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the best approach to viral respiratory tract infections (influ A, B, and RSV).
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Antiviral agents are used
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when patients are allergic to the vaccine, or when the outbreak is due to an immunologic variant
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2 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
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-Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
-Zanamivir (Relenza) *are effective against both type A and B influenza by preventing the release of new virons |
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2 Inhibitors of viral uncoating
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-amantadine (Symmetrel)
-rimantadine (Flumadine) |
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inhibitors of viral uncoating are
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limited to influ A infections; and
effective in both tx and prevention (if given at time of or prior to exposure). Will reduce duration of sx if started w/in first 48 hours. |
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Useful in high-risk patients who have NOT been vaccinated, and during epidemics
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inhibitors of viral uncoating
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used in treating infants/young kids w/ severe RSV infections. (NOT for adults)
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ribavirin
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ribavirin
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effective in chronic hep C infections when used in combo w/ interferon-a-2b.
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hep B and hep C
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most common causes of chronic hepatitis, and the only hepatic viral infections for which therapy is available.
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hep A
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commonly encountered, but not a chronic disease
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tx of hep B
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interferon-a or lamivudine
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tx of hep C
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interferon-a + ribavirin
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tx of herpesvirus
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drugs which act during the acute phase of viral infections, and are without effect during the latent phase.
(inhibit viral DNA synthesis) |
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acyclovir (Zovirax)
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used most commonly for genital herpes infx; also
-herpes simplex, types 1 & 2 -varicella-zoster (VZV) -DOC for HSV encephalitis -also given prophylactically |
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valcyclovir
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has greater oral bioavilability than acycolvir; rapidly hydrolyzed to levels comparable to acyclovir IV levels
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valtrex =
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= valacyclovir
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cidofovir (Vistide)
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approved for treatment of CMV-induced retinitis in patients w/ AIDS
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foscarnet (Foscavir)
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used for acyclovir-resistant HSV and herpes zoster infections
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ganciclovir (Cytovene)
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is an analog of acyclovir, w/ 20x greater activity against CMV
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HAART therapy
(highly active antiretroviral therapy) |
combinations of drugs to suppress replication of HIV and restore a degree of immunocompetency to the host.
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3 classes of antiretroviral drugs
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1.) nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors - NRTIs
2.) non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors - NNRTIs 3.) protease inhibitors - PIs |
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current HAART recommendation for primary therapy is
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to administer 2 NRTIs + either a PI or a NNRTI
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side effect of all NRTIs
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potentially fatal liver toxicity
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zidovudine (AZT) or Retrovir
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in HAART, it decreases the viral load and increases the number of CD4+ cells.
oooh yeah ;) |
