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147 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
How can you determine the lighting
effects on your subject when using
studio flash units?
By using modeling lights
within the flash units.
What quality of light does an
umbrella reflector produce?
A very soft diffused light that
approximates outdoor lighting on an
overcast day.
What is the brightest reflective
surface used in an umbrella
reflector?
Silver
What color umbrella reflector
produces the softest lighting
White
Define a lighting ratio
The difference between the main
light plus the fill light as compared to
the fill light alone.
What lighting ratio would you use
to create a pleasing contrast?
Normally 3:1, which is a
stop and a half
What is the single most important
principle in achieving the correct
portraiture lighting?
Using one dominant light
How do you position the
fill light?
Normally, close to the camera-subject axis, at the lens
height, on the side of the camera opposite the main light.
How does the portrait photographer
initially establish rapport with the
subject?
Upon arrival greet the subject at the
work order desk and behave
professionally.
What is the only “real secret”
of portrait psychology?
Establishing a warm, human contact
with the person in front of your
camera.
On which side of the subject would
you place the main light when using
short lighting?
Side of the face turned farthest
away from the camera.
Explain the lighting technique you would use to
photograph a masculine subject to correct for a
round face.
Using short lighting to give the
effect of narrowing a round face.
How do you position the fill light
when using butterfly lighting,?
Using short lighting to give the
effect of narrowing a round face.
Using short lighting to give the
effect of narrowing a round face.
Highlights and shadows
are greatly affected
Describe three ways you can
eliminate reflections from eyeglasses
(1) Have the subject take off their glasses.
(2) Use glassless frames.
(3) Raise the main and fill lights until the reflections go
away
Name the three basic categories of
formal portraits you may be taking.
(1) Personality features.
(2) Key personnel and chain of command.
(3) Awards programs
Why should a photojournalist be
“people oriented” when it comes to
informal portraits?
They must understand the background of the person
pictured, be able to establish rapport and connect the
person photographed with the environment in which
they function
What is the primary purpose of
an identification photograph?
To produce a picture that
identifies subjects.
What are the requirements of a
good identification photograph?
Portray all good and bad features so
one individual is differentiated from
another.
What is the maximum head size
of a passport photograph?
2 x 2 inches with the head
size between 1 and 1⅜ inch.
What type of lighting do you use for
special duty assignment
photographs?
Flat lighting
What are the requirements for
background illumination of a fulllength
photograph?
Use two background lights and illuminate just enough
to show separation between the subject and
background while eliminating the shadows cast by the
main and fill lights.
What are the light requirements for
the front and back row of a group?
Must be aware of shadows cast on
the subjects and be sure to illuminate
from head to toe
Why is it so important to be aware of
your surroundings when
photographing an operation?
To know where you can go and what
you can touch because doctors and
their staff must be kept sterile.
What are the three most common
requests for studio medical
photographs?
Abdominal, breast, and
face.
Name the format, lighting ratio and
background used for abdominal
series photographs.
Horizontal format, 1:1 lighting
ratio, and white background.
How does the patient stand and how
are the images framed for breast
series photographs?
With hands behind the back in front of a white background
wearing no jewelry. The images are framed to
include the area from the base of the neck to the lower rib
cage.
Why must you carefully review the types of shots
requested in the work order for the facial series
photographs?
The physician uses the images as a reference before,
during, and after surgery and to determine how the
surgery is progressing
What is a ME number?
A six-digit number that records the date an autopsy
was performed and the first two numbers are for the
year with the last four being reset every 1 January to
0001
Why do you use one compact flash card to
record the intake and autopsy photos of a single
subject and a different card for other subjects?
To prevent mixing up the images of
different autopsies and ensure the
subjects are correctly identified
How do you photograph an autopsy
subject’s identifying marks, such as
scars or tattoos?
With a 60mm or 105mm lens that
includes shooting establishing shots
and close-ups of each detail.
Describe the methods you use to
photograph an overall head shot
during an autopsy.
Cut a hole in the center of a blue sheet and drape this around the head.
Then have someone hold the ruler
with the ME number at the top of the head and use a 60mm lens to shoot a
medium, then a close-up shot.
For the close-up, fill most of the frame with the head, but do not crop out
the ruler.
What do you do if you realize you have shot an
autopsy image with the wrong ruler number, but
have not yet moved on to the next image?
Shoot a blue card saying, “previous picture shot with
wrong ME # on the ruler”, then re-shoot the image
correctly.
What is the standard digital
image size for autopsy photos?
10” x 6” at 300 dpi.
What is the primary reason for taking
crash and accident photographs?
To help investigating
personnel determine causes
Why is complete coverage
necessary in crash and accident
photography?
Once the wreckage has cleared, it is
impossible to get the desired
photographic coverage
A drunken Airman has driven an Air Force truck into
the side of a building on base. The Airman
has been removed and you were sent to cover the
accident. Name the shots you would take.
(1) Several long shots taken from the road where the truck swerved off into the building. The
purpose
would be to show the road from the driver’s point of view.
(2) Pictures of any skid and tire marks.
(3) Pictures of the license plates or any identifying vehicle markings, such as an inspection
decal.
(4) A medium shot taken from behind the truck to show the vehicle’s relationship to the
building.
(5) Medium shots showing the accident fr
Who is authorized to release
photographs of an aircraft accident?
Public Affairs Officer
Explain why the key to aircraft
accident photography is coverage.
The photographs will be used in the investigation to
help reconstruct the crash events so they should show
relationships and close-up details
What responsibilities does the alert photographer
have toward the safety and law enforcement
functions of the Air Force?
To help the safety office prevent
accidents and security forces to
preserve law and order
What type of photographic support
does the base safety office require?
Documenting potential safety
hazards and photographing details
of ground and aircraft accidents.
What is the most important element
of crime scene photography
Ensuring proper perspective with
normal eye level using a normal lens
What is included in a long-range
(establishing) shot at a crime scene
Details such as an address or the
general area of the crime location.
To whom are you responsible at
a burglary/vandalism scene?
The scene point of contact that
shows and tells you what
photographs are needed.
Explain why you always
have help at a crime scene.
There will always be someone there
to direct you in your photographic
coverage.
Why must you continually shoot everything of
importance and continue shooting the scene after
the fire is extinguished if you are shooting a fire-inprogress?
To corroborate witness statements
concerning the origin, location, and
spread of the fire.
Why is it important to take shots
of bystanders at a fire scene?
To compare the images of bystanders at other fire
scenes because investigators must know if the same
person was present at other fires.
Why would you need especially
powerful lighting for interior shots of
a fire scene?
To record detailed images in a
blackened area with no electric
lights.
How would you show the body’s
relationship to the fire path if a body
is found at a fire scene?
Shoot the immediate area around the
victim with overlapping shots from all
angles.
Why is it important for a photojournalist to maintain
emotional stability while covering a serious
accident?
The photographer must not add to the existing
problems by becoming an emotional casualty and be
able to
think about the photographic problems involved
What is Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD)?
A disorder that results from experiencing a traumatic
event that produces lasting, unpleasant emotional or
physical effects.
Why are alert photographers encouraged to seek
counseling within 24 hours of experiencing a
stressful event?
Some people cannot cope with the trauma-produced
thoughts they have never had before because PTSD
occurs with or leads to other psychiatric illnesses.
Why are COMCAM images so
important to senior commanders?
Visual images quickly send complex information more
effectively than any other means of communication
and assist commanders in operational decision-making
and reporting.
What part does HQ AFPAA play
in COMCAM documentation?
By setting Air Force policy on visual information
documentation and COMCAM readiness programs. It
also coordinates Air Force visual information
participation in joint activities.
Who controls USAF COMCAM
forces in a joint environment?
The supported unified command or joint task force
commander through an air component commander, if
assigned.
What is combat operations
documentation?
The collection, distribution, and exploitation of aerial and ground
images consisting of still and video
photography, night vision photography, and near real-time imagery
transmission, by way of land or
satellite, during the deployment and employment of combat forces.
How can we train for
combat every day?
By using proper electronic imaging exposure, good
composition techniques, and shooting uncontrolled
action.
What is a major reason for staying
physically fit and combat ready all
the time?
During combat the workload is
compressed and your endurance is
tested.
What is the danger of using flash
photography during night combat
operations?
That it may give away the troop
position to the enemy and jeopardize
the mission.
Why does a night vision device
produce images with a green tint?
It amplifies the ambient light and
projects it onto a green phosphorus
element (screen).
From what types of hazards must
you protect photographic equipment
during transport?
Vibration, impact, and fluids,
such as water, oil, or corrosives.
What is the best type of case for
transporting photographic
equipment?
An approved air transportable
shock resistant case.
Why is it so important that you never
pack cases heavier than what one
person can carry?
To prevent injury to yourself, others,
and to keep within commercial airline
weight restrictions.
Which category of combat photography has the
highest priority and greatest urgency of any you
perform?
Combat events
photography.
What are some examples of things
you need to be aware of when
integrating with other units?
Learning the dos and don’ts of that service such as how they
handle their weapons, roll call, military
language, performing security checks and even how an individual
is verbally addressed. Also, try to
research the mission and determine how often they deploy.
Give three examples of events you
would photograph as an investigative
combat photojournalist.
Sites where war crimes, sabotage, and terrorism have
taken place and the witnesses and victims of those
events; however, accidental firing or launching of major
weapons, and nuclear mishaps must be covered.
How do the coverage rules for investigative
combat photography differ from crime scene
photography?
They are the same except you shoot
under combat conditions and the
images have greater importance.
How do we use postcombat
images?
For post operational briefings that put combat events and
activities into operational and historical
perspective. The images also record the physical, operational,
human, and environmental consequences of
combat
Why do you attend a crew brief with
the aircraft commander before flight?
As a last chance to make sure you know what should occur and
when the mission should take place and to
discuss the photographic mission requirements, and make sure
you are clear on what events will be
accomplished during flight.
What are some of the equipment
hazards you are responsible for
while flying?
Checking camera straps, lens, not dropping any
photographic items either inside or outside the aircraft, and
notifying the aircrew if you detect anything that appears
unusual, such as a leak, and so forth.
What are some of your
responsibilities during an emergency
ground egress?
Be aware of the closest escape hatch or door, make
sure you are briefed on safety equipment, remain calm,
and follow crew instructions.
What must every photojournalist be
aware of before performing duties
aboard an aircraft?
That it is hazardous duty
and strictly voluntary.
How many categories are there for base public
affairs to accession their imagery under and what
are they?
There are four categories; category 1, Air Force
Strategic Objectives, category 2, Current Operations,
category 3, Routine, and category 4, Other.
What is the purpose of a Visual
Information Identification Number?
Used as an identification system to
store and retrieve still and motion
imagery for future use.
Create a VIRIN for image number 99, vision ID
FF123, photographed on 14 February 2012 by
SrA Jennifer Foster.
120214-F-FF123-099, first six digits means 12 February 2012;
the second field represents an Air Force
member, the third field represents the designated Vision ID, and
the fourth field is the unclassified photo
imager for the day, SrA Foster.
What is the purpose of an
after-action report?
To document what you did during
the deployment, what problems
occurred, and how to improve things.
What is damage
assessment?
The act of visually and mechanically checking
equipment and supply items for damage upon arrival or
return from the deployed location and logging any
damaged items.
Why must a photojournalist research
the sporting event before covering it?
To make sure you know the games’
characteristics to get the action at its
peak.
You should use a telephoto lens to photograph a
high hurdle track race. Describe an interesting
shot that you could obtain with that lens.
An example of a shot could be as follows: use the long
telephoto lens to shoot from the finish line down the
row of hurdles, compressing them and the hurdlers.
Given the following sports assignments, determine what techniques would successfully
portray
the event.
b. You are photographing a swim meet to illustrate all of the participants in the 100-meter
free style event.
You could best show all the
participants at the start when they
are diving into the pool
What is the main element of a
subject-oriented photograph?
A person (the subject).
What is the main element in
an object-oriented group?
A piece of equipment (an
object).
Given the assignment to photograph three aircraft
mechanics repairing an aircraft’s 105-mm
cannon, describe how you would shoot a subjectoriented
pose and an object-oriented pose.
Both photographs depict the 105 mm cannon and the three aircraft mechanics and may appear
something
like this: the subject-oriented shot has one of the mechanics as the center of interest and uses
the cannon as
background material for the shot. The object-oriented shot has the cannon as the center of
interest (i.e.,
sharpest focus, most detail) and uses the mechanics to add a human quality to the photograph
What is the purpose of an
editorial photograph?
To contribute to the
written word
What is one of the most important
aspects of editorial photography?
Accuracy
Based on an editorial photograph reflecting the photojournalist’s
point of view, consider being
assigned to photograph SrA Jones working with his Cub Scout
pack. Explain why this is an
editorial photograph.
Yes. It is biased in that it shows that the military work in the community, thus producing a
favorable image.
Interpret the photograph of a retreat ceremony as it relates to editorial photography.
The retreat ceremony is an editorial photograph. It promotes esprit de corps and biases the
viewer’s opinion
of the military.
What purpose does continuity
in a photograph serve?
To make sure each picture has an impact and aids in
communicating the idea or feeling relating to the point
of the story.
Describe six types of continuity that
you can use to hold photographs
together.
(1) Simple chronology.
(2) Narrative chronology.
(3) Repeated identity.
(4) How to do it.
(5) Parallel or contrast.
(6) Development of a theme.
What type of continuity are you using when you
include the same person in every photograph of
a picture story?
Repeated Identity.
What type of continuity could you best use to make a
picture story of the intricate task of packing
a parachute?
How-to-do-it
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story
assignments:
a. The Special Olympics.
Repeated identity to show the same individual
throughout the day and simple chronology to shown no
particular order.
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story
assignments:
b. Security Forces dog-handlers.
Repeated identity since the story is
about a dog handler to show the
handler in every image
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story
assignments:
c. A dress and standards story.
Parallel or contrast shows the “right”
and “wrong” way of wearing a
uniform.
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story
assignments:
d. Base energy conservation.
Development of theme
shows an idea
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story
assignments:
e. Impressions of spring.
Simple chronology since you cannot
arrange the images in any particular
order
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story
assignments:
f. New Air Force inductees’ first 24 hours.
Narrative chronology to show a beginning, middle, and
an end, and repeated identity to show the same
individual in their first 24 hours of training.
Explain the purpose of the
key shot in a picture story.
Provides the “eye grabber” to capture
the reader’s attention and motivation
to look at the rest of the story.
Why is lighting contrast important
when you are shooting a picture
story?
To ensure adequate detail
when it is reproduced
Trace some of the steps involved in
developing a picture story layout
Collect all data relative to the job; from the pictures and text sizes,
draw the thumbnail sketches of where
each is to be placed. You can then make a rough layout and
determine picture size and select the most
appealing using a series of blocks of coy and illustrations.
What is the first “Do” in
the picture story layout?
Study the basic principles of makeup, unit, balance,
contrast, and emphasis in journalism, books,
textbooks
and so forth, on headlines, makeup, and typography.
What are some ways to observe
your subject for personality traits?
By looking for the details of the subject and comparing
the “whole” versus the “part” to help determine if
there are dominant characteristics or a single
overwhelming characteristic.
What is likely the most important factor a
photojournalist, instead of a photographer, does to get
people to show a true personality?
Put the subject at ease so the
mannerisms are visible and remain
for snapping the picture.
Who is the primary subject
in an awards presentation?
The recipient is the most important
element of an award presentation.
Explain the best composition for
photographing a medal presentation
Shooting over the presenter’s right shoulder to show
the recipient’s full face and to include the medal being
pinned.
What type of lens do you use for
doing construction shots of
architectural work?
Typically, a 35mm camera using normal
lens.
Explain why a permanent landmark
is included in overall views of
construction progress.
It helps with making progress photographs and lets the
viewer know that all photos were taken from the
same angle.
At what approximate time of day and under
what lighting conditions would it be best to
photograph the exterior of a building?
There is no best time and for lighting
wait for the sun to be in the right
position
What interior lighting technique
produces the best results when you
shoot a large interior?
Painting with light
What is R&D
photography?
Visually documenting the
development of new military-related
equipment systems
Explain the difference between
MDR and R&D photography.
MDR photography documents damage to a product.
R&D photography continuously documents all aspects
of a product during development.
Why must you use even
lighting in MDR photography?
To get detail in the
shadows that is adequate
Describe the kinds of support that
the Public Affairs Office can provide
to base training functions.
You may be asked to produce digital images for selfpaced
instruction or illustrations for training handouts
and publications.
Explain the shooting “Rule
of Threes.”
A long shot locates the subject in its surroundings, the
medium shot shows the size and further identifies the
subject, and close-up shots are used to show the
subject’s functions
What basic compositional rule do you apply
when shooting each scene in a multimedia
presentation used as a teaching aid?
As a rule, always shoot from the
operator’s point of view to get the
students into the proper perspective
Why is a single light source
suggested in still life photography?
To provide shadows that gives the
subjects emotions and provides
depth
How should you position
still life objects?
A single object first, view it through the camera, and then add
other objects, one at a time and continue
viewing the scene through your viewfinder each time. Then
experiment with the camera angle until you get
the right composition that conveys your story
What is the major difference between
illustrative and still photography?
Post production computer imaging
and inclusion of a human element
What are the five steps to
illustrative photography?
Create the idea, setup the shoot,
decide the technical starting point,
vary shoots, and edit.
What should be quickly eliminated to
save time when editing illustrative
images?
Get rid of the worst ones first: a flash misfire, closed
eyes, blurry images, over-exposed image or bad body
placement on a model
What is a pictorial
photograph?
One that exploits the visual qualities of the subject
with primary emphasis on composition and aesthetics
looking for a wide visual appeal
What is the key concept in
understanding the substance and
meaning of pictorial photographs?
What is the key concept in
understanding the substance and
meaning of pictorial photographs?
Why do you normally
avoid formal balance?
It usually fails to stimulate
the viewer’s interest
Explain how you can achieve
informal balance in a photograph.
Focus attention on the smaller area
by varying color, texture, tone,
shape, detail and so forth.
What compositional effect do you
strengthen when atmospheric haze
is present in a photograph?
Depth
How can you strengthen composition
when you shoot an action shot?
Make sure the action
leads into the photograph
What effect appears when you pan
the camera to follow the subject
action?
The subject appears sharp while
the background appears blurred
Briefly explain how you would achieve the following compositional elements
when handling
these assignments:
a. Simplicity in an informal head-and-shoulders outdoor portrait of the Airman
of the Month.
Move in close to get a tight head-and-shoulders shot.
Position yourself and the subject to achieve a
plain background, which contrasts with the subject.
Allow lighting to emphasize the subject.
Briefly explain how you would achieve the following compositional elements when handling
these assignments:
b. For framing, consider the background and foreground control, and horizon line for three
newly arrived F–22 fighter aircraft that are parked on the ramp.
Establish a fairly tight frame so that the three planes appear large and isolated from their
surroundings. The background should primarily be the sky, and the foreground should be
uncluttered,
except that a couple of mechanics or pilots working around the planes would be good
indicators of
scale. The horizon line should be level
Briefly explain how you would achieve the following compositional
elements when handling
these assignments:
c. Handling action during the base 100-meter-dash champion
The emphasis should be on the person’s speed.
Panning while the subject ran the race would make the
pictures clear enough for recognition, yet blur the
background enough to emphasize the speed
Explain why a normal lens and angle
of view are important for achieving
normal perspective.
A normal lens approximates the view
perceived by the human eye and
retains perceived size and distance
Give examples of when achieving
normal perspective is necessary or
desirable.
Accidents, investigations,
MDR, and training situations.
Explain how you change perspective
when you reposition the camera
By changing the camera angle, you change the
perspective because of the perceived relationship
between
the elements in the scene
What camera angle do you use to show the
world from a child’s perspective, which is less
domineering?
A high camera angle
What camera angle would you use to show the
senior enlisted advisor as a towering figure on
base?
A low camera angle emphasizing
height and strength
How do you learn to improve
your photographic eye?
Only by practicing with self-assignments so you
can quickly find the vantage point and compose
photographs the way you visualize a scene
Describe “diminution” and the type
of lens used to get that effect?
Diminution is image distortion, which shows foreground
objects disproportionately larger than background
objects using a wide-angle lens
Describe “foreshortening” and the
type of lens used to get that effect?
Foreshortening is a type of image distortion that produces an
apparent shortening of distances between near
and far objects in a scene using a long focal length lens at an
oblique angle and at a long distance from the
subject
What type of design do most
35mm cameras operate?
Single lens reflex
What is the most important
advantage of the 35mm camera?
Its ease in handling and
use
Explain the importance of
researching the assignment
Research produces more picture
ideas and promotes better
communication.
What are three sources you
can use when researching
Library, phone book and
personal experience
What research might be necessary if you are
given the assignment of photographing the center
command’s lacrosse championship?
The product desired, shooting
conditions, and time requirements
List the main preparatory factors you
must consider when getting ready for
a photo assignment.
(1) Who is involved, (2) what is occurring, (3) the date
it will occur, (4) where it is held, and (5) why it is
happening.
Why is it important to
coordinate the work request?
So the customer and you know what
is expected and what the outcome
should be.
What is the intent of
developing a story idea?
To keep your idea within workable
limits that you can manage
Describe the two parts of
a good script.
The first part gives the general idea of the picture
story. The second lists picture ideas and information
related to each shot
Develop a three-shot shooting script about the
hazards of smoking in bed for Fire Prevention
Week.
SHOT 1: CLOSEUP—Airman sleeping in bed with a lighted cigarette. Use limited depth of
field. The
cigarette should be sharp, but the Airman slightly fuzzy.
WHY: Identifies the basic theme of smoking in
bed.
SHOT 2: MEDIUM SHOT—Fire trucks heading toward the Airman’s dormitory. Use slow
shutter speed
to emphasize the speed of the trucks.
WHY: Illustrates the fire hazard involved.
SHOT 3: MEDIUM SHOT—Medical attendants carry