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147 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
How can you determine the lighting
effects on your subject when using studio flash units? |
By using modeling lights
within the flash units. |
|
What quality of light does an
umbrella reflector produce? |
A very soft diffused light that
approximates outdoor lighting on an overcast day. |
|
What is the brightest reflective
surface used in an umbrella reflector? |
Silver
|
|
What color umbrella reflector
produces the softest lighting |
White
|
|
Define a lighting ratio
|
The difference between the main
light plus the fill light as compared to the fill light alone. |
|
What lighting ratio would you use
to create a pleasing contrast? |
Normally 3:1, which is a
stop and a half |
|
What is the single most important
principle in achieving the correct portraiture lighting? |
Using one dominant light
|
|
How do you position the
fill light? |
Normally, close to the camera-subject axis, at the lens
height, on the side of the camera opposite the main light. |
|
How does the portrait photographer
initially establish rapport with the subject? |
Upon arrival greet the subject at the
work order desk and behave professionally. |
|
What is the only “real secret”
of portrait psychology? |
Establishing a warm, human contact
with the person in front of your camera. |
|
On which side of the subject would
you place the main light when using short lighting? |
Side of the face turned farthest
away from the camera. |
|
Explain the lighting technique you would use to
photograph a masculine subject to correct for a round face. |
Using short lighting to give the
effect of narrowing a round face. |
|
How do you position the fill light
when using butterfly lighting,? |
Using short lighting to give the
effect of narrowing a round face. |
|
Using short lighting to give the
effect of narrowing a round face. |
Highlights and shadows
are greatly affected |
|
Describe three ways you can
eliminate reflections from eyeglasses |
(1) Have the subject take off their glasses.
(2) Use glassless frames. (3) Raise the main and fill lights until the reflections go away |
|
Name the three basic categories of
formal portraits you may be taking. |
(1) Personality features.
(2) Key personnel and chain of command. (3) Awards programs |
|
Why should a photojournalist be
“people oriented” when it comes to informal portraits? |
They must understand the background of the person
pictured, be able to establish rapport and connect the person photographed with the environment in which they function |
|
What is the primary purpose of
an identification photograph? |
To produce a picture that
identifies subjects. |
|
What are the requirements of a
good identification photograph? |
Portray all good and bad features so
one individual is differentiated from another. |
|
What is the maximum head size
of a passport photograph? |
2 x 2 inches with the head
size between 1 and 1⅜ inch. |
|
What type of lighting do you use for
special duty assignment photographs? |
Flat lighting
|
|
What are the requirements for
background illumination of a fulllength photograph? |
Use two background lights and illuminate just enough
to show separation between the subject and background while eliminating the shadows cast by the main and fill lights. |
|
What are the light requirements for
the front and back row of a group? |
Must be aware of shadows cast on
the subjects and be sure to illuminate from head to toe |
|
Why is it so important to be aware of
your surroundings when photographing an operation? |
To know where you can go and what
you can touch because doctors and their staff must be kept sterile. |
|
What are the three most common
requests for studio medical photographs? |
Abdominal, breast, and
face. |
|
Name the format, lighting ratio and
background used for abdominal series photographs. |
Horizontal format, 1:1 lighting
ratio, and white background. |
|
How does the patient stand and how
are the images framed for breast series photographs? |
With hands behind the back in front of a white background
wearing no jewelry. The images are framed to include the area from the base of the neck to the lower rib cage. |
|
Why must you carefully review the types of shots
requested in the work order for the facial series photographs? |
The physician uses the images as a reference before,
during, and after surgery and to determine how the surgery is progressing |
|
What is a ME number?
|
A six-digit number that records the date an autopsy
was performed and the first two numbers are for the year with the last four being reset every 1 January to 0001 |
|
Why do you use one compact flash card to
record the intake and autopsy photos of a single subject and a different card for other subjects? |
To prevent mixing up the images of
different autopsies and ensure the subjects are correctly identified |
|
How do you photograph an autopsy
subject’s identifying marks, such as scars or tattoos? |
With a 60mm or 105mm lens that
includes shooting establishing shots and close-ups of each detail. |
|
Describe the methods you use to
photograph an overall head shot during an autopsy. |
Cut a hole in the center of a blue sheet and drape this around the head.
Then have someone hold the ruler with the ME number at the top of the head and use a 60mm lens to shoot a medium, then a close-up shot. For the close-up, fill most of the frame with the head, but do not crop out the ruler. |
|
What do you do if you realize you have shot an
autopsy image with the wrong ruler number, but have not yet moved on to the next image? |
Shoot a blue card saying, “previous picture shot with
wrong ME # on the ruler”, then re-shoot the image correctly. |
|
What is the standard digital
image size for autopsy photos? |
10” x 6” at 300 dpi.
|
|
What is the primary reason for taking
crash and accident photographs? |
To help investigating
personnel determine causes |
|
Why is complete coverage
necessary in crash and accident photography? |
Once the wreckage has cleared, it is
impossible to get the desired photographic coverage |
|
A drunken Airman has driven an Air Force truck into
the side of a building on base. The Airman has been removed and you were sent to cover the accident. Name the shots you would take. |
(1) Several long shots taken from the road where the truck swerved off into the building. The
purpose would be to show the road from the driver’s point of view. (2) Pictures of any skid and tire marks. (3) Pictures of the license plates or any identifying vehicle markings, such as an inspection decal. (4) A medium shot taken from behind the truck to show the vehicle’s relationship to the building. (5) Medium shots showing the accident fr |
|
Who is authorized to release
photographs of an aircraft accident? |
Public Affairs Officer
|
|
Explain why the key to aircraft
accident photography is coverage. |
The photographs will be used in the investigation to
help reconstruct the crash events so they should show relationships and close-up details |
|
What responsibilities does the alert photographer
have toward the safety and law enforcement functions of the Air Force? |
To help the safety office prevent
accidents and security forces to preserve law and order |
|
What type of photographic support
does the base safety office require? |
Documenting potential safety
hazards and photographing details of ground and aircraft accidents. |
|
What is the most important element
of crime scene photography |
Ensuring proper perspective with
normal eye level using a normal lens |
|
What is included in a long-range
(establishing) shot at a crime scene |
Details such as an address or the
general area of the crime location. |
|
To whom are you responsible at
a burglary/vandalism scene? |
The scene point of contact that
shows and tells you what photographs are needed. |
|
Explain why you always
have help at a crime scene. |
There will always be someone there
to direct you in your photographic coverage. |
|
Why must you continually shoot everything of
importance and continue shooting the scene after the fire is extinguished if you are shooting a fire-inprogress? |
To corroborate witness statements
concerning the origin, location, and spread of the fire. |
|
Why is it important to take shots
of bystanders at a fire scene? |
To compare the images of bystanders at other fire
scenes because investigators must know if the same person was present at other fires. |
|
Why would you need especially
powerful lighting for interior shots of a fire scene? |
To record detailed images in a
blackened area with no electric lights. |
|
How would you show the body’s
relationship to the fire path if a body is found at a fire scene? |
Shoot the immediate area around the
victim with overlapping shots from all angles. |
|
Why is it important for a photojournalist to maintain
emotional stability while covering a serious accident? |
The photographer must not add to the existing
problems by becoming an emotional casualty and be able to think about the photographic problems involved |
|
What is Posttraumatic
Stress Disorder (PTSD)? |
A disorder that results from experiencing a traumatic
event that produces lasting, unpleasant emotional or physical effects. |
|
Why are alert photographers encouraged to seek
counseling within 24 hours of experiencing a stressful event? |
Some people cannot cope with the trauma-produced
thoughts they have never had before because PTSD occurs with or leads to other psychiatric illnesses. |
|
Why are COMCAM images so
important to senior commanders? |
Visual images quickly send complex information more
effectively than any other means of communication and assist commanders in operational decision-making and reporting. |
|
What part does HQ AFPAA play
in COMCAM documentation? |
By setting Air Force policy on visual information
documentation and COMCAM readiness programs. It also coordinates Air Force visual information participation in joint activities. |
|
Who controls USAF COMCAM
forces in a joint environment? |
The supported unified command or joint task force
commander through an air component commander, if assigned. |
|
What is combat operations
documentation? |
The collection, distribution, and exploitation of aerial and ground
images consisting of still and video photography, night vision photography, and near real-time imagery transmission, by way of land or satellite, during the deployment and employment of combat forces. |
|
How can we train for
combat every day? |
By using proper electronic imaging exposure, good
composition techniques, and shooting uncontrolled action. |
|
What is a major reason for staying
physically fit and combat ready all the time? |
During combat the workload is
compressed and your endurance is tested. |
|
What is the danger of using flash
photography during night combat operations? |
That it may give away the troop
position to the enemy and jeopardize the mission. |
|
Why does a night vision device
produce images with a green tint? |
It amplifies the ambient light and
projects it onto a green phosphorus element (screen). |
|
From what types of hazards must
you protect photographic equipment during transport? |
Vibration, impact, and fluids,
such as water, oil, or corrosives. |
|
What is the best type of case for
transporting photographic equipment? |
An approved air transportable
shock resistant case. |
|
Why is it so important that you never
pack cases heavier than what one person can carry? |
To prevent injury to yourself, others,
and to keep within commercial airline weight restrictions. |
|
Which category of combat photography has the
highest priority and greatest urgency of any you perform? |
Combat events
photography. |
|
What are some examples of things
you need to be aware of when integrating with other units? |
Learning the dos and don’ts of that service such as how they
handle their weapons, roll call, military language, performing security checks and even how an individual is verbally addressed. Also, try to research the mission and determine how often they deploy. |
|
Give three examples of events you
would photograph as an investigative combat photojournalist. |
Sites where war crimes, sabotage, and terrorism have
taken place and the witnesses and victims of those events; however, accidental firing or launching of major weapons, and nuclear mishaps must be covered. |
|
How do the coverage rules for investigative
combat photography differ from crime scene photography? |
They are the same except you shoot
under combat conditions and the images have greater importance. |
|
How do we use postcombat
images? |
For post operational briefings that put combat events and
activities into operational and historical perspective. The images also record the physical, operational, human, and environmental consequences of combat |
|
Why do you attend a crew brief with
the aircraft commander before flight? |
As a last chance to make sure you know what should occur and
when the mission should take place and to discuss the photographic mission requirements, and make sure you are clear on what events will be accomplished during flight. |
|
What are some of the equipment
hazards you are responsible for while flying? |
Checking camera straps, lens, not dropping any
photographic items either inside or outside the aircraft, and notifying the aircrew if you detect anything that appears unusual, such as a leak, and so forth. |
|
What are some of your
responsibilities during an emergency ground egress? |
Be aware of the closest escape hatch or door, make
sure you are briefed on safety equipment, remain calm, and follow crew instructions. |
|
What must every photojournalist be
aware of before performing duties aboard an aircraft? |
That it is hazardous duty
and strictly voluntary. |
|
How many categories are there for base public
affairs to accession their imagery under and what are they? |
There are four categories; category 1, Air Force
Strategic Objectives, category 2, Current Operations, category 3, Routine, and category 4, Other. |
|
What is the purpose of a Visual
Information Identification Number? |
Used as an identification system to
store and retrieve still and motion imagery for future use. |
|
Create a VIRIN for image number 99, vision ID
FF123, photographed on 14 February 2012 by SrA Jennifer Foster. |
120214-F-FF123-099, first six digits means 12 February 2012;
the second field represents an Air Force member, the third field represents the designated Vision ID, and the fourth field is the unclassified photo imager for the day, SrA Foster. |
|
What is the purpose of an
after-action report? |
To document what you did during
the deployment, what problems occurred, and how to improve things. |
|
What is damage
assessment? |
The act of visually and mechanically checking
equipment and supply items for damage upon arrival or return from the deployed location and logging any damaged items. |
|
Why must a photojournalist research
the sporting event before covering it? |
To make sure you know the games’
characteristics to get the action at its peak. |
|
You should use a telephoto lens to photograph a
high hurdle track race. Describe an interesting shot that you could obtain with that lens. |
An example of a shot could be as follows: use the long
telephoto lens to shoot from the finish line down the row of hurdles, compressing them and the hurdlers. |
|
Given the following sports assignments, determine what techniques would successfully
portray the event. b. You are photographing a swim meet to illustrate all of the participants in the 100-meter free style event. |
You could best show all the
participants at the start when they are diving into the pool |
|
What is the main element of a
subject-oriented photograph? |
A person (the subject).
|
|
What is the main element in
an object-oriented group? |
A piece of equipment (an
object). |
|
Given the assignment to photograph three aircraft
mechanics repairing an aircraft’s 105-mm cannon, describe how you would shoot a subjectoriented pose and an object-oriented pose. |
Both photographs depict the 105 mm cannon and the three aircraft mechanics and may appear
something like this: the subject-oriented shot has one of the mechanics as the center of interest and uses the cannon as background material for the shot. The object-oriented shot has the cannon as the center of interest (i.e., sharpest focus, most detail) and uses the mechanics to add a human quality to the photograph |
|
What is the purpose of an
editorial photograph? |
To contribute to the
written word |
|
What is one of the most important
aspects of editorial photography? |
Accuracy
|
|
Based on an editorial photograph reflecting the photojournalist’s
point of view, consider being assigned to photograph SrA Jones working with his Cub Scout pack. Explain why this is an editorial photograph. |
Yes. It is biased in that it shows that the military work in the community, thus producing a
favorable image. Interpret the photograph of a retreat ceremony as it relates to editorial photography. The retreat ceremony is an editorial photograph. It promotes esprit de corps and biases the viewer’s opinion of the military. |
|
What purpose does continuity
in a photograph serve? |
To make sure each picture has an impact and aids in
communicating the idea or feeling relating to the point of the story. |
|
Describe six types of continuity that
you can use to hold photographs together. |
(1) Simple chronology.
(2) Narrative chronology. (3) Repeated identity. (4) How to do it. (5) Parallel or contrast. (6) Development of a theme. |
|
What type of continuity are you using when you
include the same person in every photograph of a picture story? |
Repeated Identity.
|
|
What type of continuity could you best use to make a
picture story of the intricate task of packing a parachute? |
How-to-do-it
|
|
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story assignments: a. The Special Olympics. |
Repeated identity to show the same individual
throughout the day and simple chronology to shown no particular order. |
|
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story assignments: b. Security Forces dog-handlers. |
Repeated identity since the story is
about a dog handler to show the handler in every image |
|
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story assignments: c. A dress and standards story. |
Parallel or contrast shows the “right”
and “wrong” way of wearing a uniform. |
|
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story assignments: d. Base energy conservation. |
Development of theme
shows an idea |
|
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story assignments: e. Impressions of spring. |
Simple chronology since you cannot
arrange the images in any particular order |
|
Specify which type(s) of continuity would best portray the
following photographic picture story assignments: f. New Air Force inductees’ first 24 hours. |
Narrative chronology to show a beginning, middle, and
an end, and repeated identity to show the same individual in their first 24 hours of training. |
|
Explain the purpose of the
key shot in a picture story. |
Provides the “eye grabber” to capture
the reader’s attention and motivation to look at the rest of the story. |
|
Why is lighting contrast important
when you are shooting a picture story? |
To ensure adequate detail
when it is reproduced |
|
Trace some of the steps involved in
developing a picture story layout |
Collect all data relative to the job; from the pictures and text sizes,
draw the thumbnail sketches of where each is to be placed. You can then make a rough layout and determine picture size and select the most appealing using a series of blocks of coy and illustrations. |
|
What is the first “Do” in
the picture story layout? |
Study the basic principles of makeup, unit, balance,
contrast, and emphasis in journalism, books, textbooks and so forth, on headlines, makeup, and typography. |
|
What are some ways to observe
your subject for personality traits? |
By looking for the details of the subject and comparing
the “whole” versus the “part” to help determine if there are dominant characteristics or a single overwhelming characteristic. |
|
What is likely the most important factor a
photojournalist, instead of a photographer, does to get people to show a true personality? |
Put the subject at ease so the
mannerisms are visible and remain for snapping the picture. |
|
Who is the primary subject
in an awards presentation? |
The recipient is the most important
element of an award presentation. |
|
Explain the best composition for
photographing a medal presentation |
Shooting over the presenter’s right shoulder to show
the recipient’s full face and to include the medal being pinned. |
|
What type of lens do you use for
doing construction shots of architectural work? |
Typically, a 35mm camera using normal
lens. |
|
Explain why a permanent landmark
is included in overall views of construction progress. |
It helps with making progress photographs and lets the
viewer know that all photos were taken from the same angle. |
|
At what approximate time of day and under
what lighting conditions would it be best to photograph the exterior of a building? |
There is no best time and for lighting
wait for the sun to be in the right position |
|
What interior lighting technique
produces the best results when you shoot a large interior? |
Painting with light
|
|
What is R&D
photography? |
Visually documenting the
development of new military-related equipment systems |
|
Explain the difference between
MDR and R&D photography. |
MDR photography documents damage to a product.
R&D photography continuously documents all aspects of a product during development. |
|
Why must you use even
lighting in MDR photography? |
To get detail in the
shadows that is adequate |
|
Describe the kinds of support that
the Public Affairs Office can provide to base training functions. |
You may be asked to produce digital images for selfpaced
instruction or illustrations for training handouts and publications. |
|
Explain the shooting “Rule
of Threes.” |
A long shot locates the subject in its surroundings, the
medium shot shows the size and further identifies the subject, and close-up shots are used to show the subject’s functions |
|
What basic compositional rule do you apply
when shooting each scene in a multimedia presentation used as a teaching aid? |
As a rule, always shoot from the
operator’s point of view to get the students into the proper perspective |
|
Why is a single light source
suggested in still life photography? |
To provide shadows that gives the
subjects emotions and provides depth |
|
How should you position
still life objects? |
A single object first, view it through the camera, and then add
other objects, one at a time and continue viewing the scene through your viewfinder each time. Then experiment with the camera angle until you get the right composition that conveys your story |
|
What is the major difference between
illustrative and still photography? |
Post production computer imaging
and inclusion of a human element |
|
What are the five steps to
illustrative photography? |
Create the idea, setup the shoot,
decide the technical starting point, vary shoots, and edit. |
|
What should be quickly eliminated to
save time when editing illustrative images? |
Get rid of the worst ones first: a flash misfire, closed
eyes, blurry images, over-exposed image or bad body placement on a model |
|
What is a pictorial
photograph? |
One that exploits the visual qualities of the subject
with primary emphasis on composition and aesthetics looking for a wide visual appeal |
|
What is the key concept in
understanding the substance and meaning of pictorial photographs? |
What is the key concept in
understanding the substance and meaning of pictorial photographs? |
|
Why do you normally
avoid formal balance? |
It usually fails to stimulate
the viewer’s interest |
|
Explain how you can achieve
informal balance in a photograph. |
Focus attention on the smaller area
by varying color, texture, tone, shape, detail and so forth. |
|
What compositional effect do you
strengthen when atmospheric haze is present in a photograph? |
Depth
|
|
How can you strengthen composition
when you shoot an action shot? |
Make sure the action
leads into the photograph |
|
What effect appears when you pan
the camera to follow the subject action? |
The subject appears sharp while
the background appears blurred |
|
Briefly explain how you would achieve the following compositional elements
when handling these assignments: a. Simplicity in an informal head-and-shoulders outdoor portrait of the Airman of the Month. |
Move in close to get a tight head-and-shoulders shot.
Position yourself and the subject to achieve a plain background, which contrasts with the subject. Allow lighting to emphasize the subject. |
|
Briefly explain how you would achieve the following compositional elements when handling
these assignments: b. For framing, consider the background and foreground control, and horizon line for three newly arrived F–22 fighter aircraft that are parked on the ramp. |
Establish a fairly tight frame so that the three planes appear large and isolated from their
surroundings. The background should primarily be the sky, and the foreground should be uncluttered, except that a couple of mechanics or pilots working around the planes would be good indicators of scale. The horizon line should be level |
|
Briefly explain how you would achieve the following compositional
elements when handling these assignments: c. Handling action during the base 100-meter-dash champion |
The emphasis should be on the person’s speed.
Panning while the subject ran the race would make the pictures clear enough for recognition, yet blur the background enough to emphasize the speed |
|
Explain why a normal lens and angle
of view are important for achieving normal perspective. |
A normal lens approximates the view
perceived by the human eye and retains perceived size and distance |
|
Give examples of when achieving
normal perspective is necessary or desirable. |
Accidents, investigations,
MDR, and training situations. |
|
Explain how you change perspective
when you reposition the camera |
By changing the camera angle, you change the
perspective because of the perceived relationship between the elements in the scene |
|
What camera angle do you use to show the
world from a child’s perspective, which is less domineering? |
A high camera angle
|
|
What camera angle would you use to show the
senior enlisted advisor as a towering figure on base? |
A low camera angle emphasizing
height and strength |
|
How do you learn to improve
your photographic eye? |
Only by practicing with self-assignments so you
can quickly find the vantage point and compose photographs the way you visualize a scene |
|
Describe “diminution” and the type
of lens used to get that effect? |
Diminution is image distortion, which shows foreground
objects disproportionately larger than background objects using a wide-angle lens |
|
Describe “foreshortening” and the
type of lens used to get that effect? |
Foreshortening is a type of image distortion that produces an
apparent shortening of distances between near and far objects in a scene using a long focal length lens at an oblique angle and at a long distance from the subject |
|
What type of design do most
35mm cameras operate? |
Single lens reflex
|
|
What is the most important
advantage of the 35mm camera? |
Its ease in handling and
use |
|
Explain the importance of
researching the assignment |
Research produces more picture
ideas and promotes better communication. |
|
What are three sources you
can use when researching |
Library, phone book and
personal experience |
|
What research might be necessary if you are
given the assignment of photographing the center command’s lacrosse championship? |
The product desired, shooting
conditions, and time requirements |
|
List the main preparatory factors you
must consider when getting ready for a photo assignment. |
(1) Who is involved, (2) what is occurring, (3) the date
it will occur, (4) where it is held, and (5) why it is happening. |
|
Why is it important to
coordinate the work request? |
So the customer and you know what
is expected and what the outcome should be. |
|
What is the intent of
developing a story idea? |
To keep your idea within workable
limits that you can manage |
|
Describe the two parts of
a good script. |
The first part gives the general idea of the picture
story. The second lists picture ideas and information related to each shot |
|
Develop a three-shot shooting script about the
hazards of smoking in bed for Fire Prevention Week. |
SHOT 1: CLOSEUP—Airman sleeping in bed with a lighted cigarette. Use limited depth of
field. The cigarette should be sharp, but the Airman slightly fuzzy. WHY: Identifies the basic theme of smoking in bed. SHOT 2: MEDIUM SHOT—Fire trucks heading toward the Airman’s dormitory. Use slow shutter speed to emphasize the speed of the trucks. WHY: Illustrates the fire hazard involved. SHOT 3: MEDIUM SHOT—Medical attendants carry |