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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Terrorism Definition
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Politically motivated violence against non-combatants
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History of Middle East Terrorism
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Started as anti-Israel. Osama Bin Laden began as a leader of a group that opposed the Saudi government. The goals widened. Various organizations started based on Anti-American sentiment and made larger networks.
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Iranian Revolution Results: 1979
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Iran was no longer our strongest ally. The U.S. shifted support to Saudi Arabia. Iran became religiously dominated. Iran started to develop nuclear weapons. Worried that other countries will follow.
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Why does the Middle East hate U.S.?
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1. Blind support of Israel who uses military on Arab nations.
2. Jealous of U.S. power 3. Killing Libyan civilians 4. Hypocrites, not following our own values. 5. Suffering Iraqi children. |
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Ford
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1. Israel
2. Killing civilians 3. Supporting dictators Policy: Offshore balancing |
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Kagan
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1. Jealousy
2. Resentment 3. Action & inaction Policy: Earplugs |
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Hamid
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1. Hypocrisy
2. No responsibility Policy: careful evaluation |
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Zakaria
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1. Arab problem, not Muslim
2. Failed states, modernization Policy: nation building |
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Al Qaeda History
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Fought in the Afghan War against the USSR. Was angry about U.S. troops on Sauid land, so it became anti-U.S. Motive is to create a pure Muslim state in the middle East.
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Protean Threat
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Al Qaeda is adaptable, no defined territory, shifting tactics. No central leader, broad following
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Arab-Israel Dispute
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1870s-present: due to Zionist movement and 1948 Arab-Israeli War --> Israel expanded its territory
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6 Day War
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Israel attacked Egypt and Syria, wiping out their airforces. Justified attack by saying Egypt was going to attack them. Won Golan Heights, Gaza Strip, West Bank, Sinai Peninsula
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US Policy on Israeli Territory
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Pre-Obama: we don't really want Israel to have it, but they shouldn't have to give it up either.
Obama: Israel shouldn't have it. |
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Yom Kippur War
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Egypt attacked Israel to get territory back. Ended in a cease-fire.
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US Support for Israel
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1. Domestic Politics: Jewish Americans
2. Moral cause - Holocasut 3. Democracy 4. Political Correctness |
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Camp David Agreement
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Carter, Israel, and Egypt: Israel gave back Sinai Peninsula ir Egyptian troops don't go near border. Egypt gave access to Suez Canal.
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AIPAC
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American Israel Public Affairs Committee
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Madrid Conference
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Negotiations between Israel and Palestine. Jordan/Syria start to negotiate with ISrael, means state recognition.
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Oslo Accords
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Israel gave Palestine some authoirty over themselvs through elections and limited self-government.
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U.S. Oil Dependence
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U.S. wants peace in Persian Gulf because we rely on the oil there.
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U.S.-Saudi Alliance
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After Iranian Revolution and Shah's overthrown, U.S. allied with Saudi Arabia instead. SA trades oil for military protection.
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1st Persian Gulf War
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Increase in U.S. involvement in the PErsian Gulf - defended Kuwait to secure oil.
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Osama Problem
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US helps defend Saudi Arabia, but it also is threatening its own security by motivating people like Osama Bin Laden. U.S. faces conflict in ME whether they stay or not.
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Iraqi Security Dilemma
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If Iraq is strong, they can stand up to IRan and neighbors. But they can't have WMDS, so they need another system of defense so they are not attacked by IRan
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Proliferation Optimist
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Waltz: deterrence works. Decision makers are rational, realize that use of nukes has too high costs. Only rational states can obtain weapons anyway.
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Organization Theory
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Sagan: There is only bounded rationality. Organizations have their own interests, they fight for them instead of the state. Military leaders make aggressive decisions, hurts a weak civil government.
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Strategic Defense Initiative
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Reagan: space based nuclear weapons defense shield that would destroy nukes before they arrive in the U.S. Volation of the ABM treaty?
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National Missile Defense System
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George Bush pulled out of ABM treaty. Switching from deterrence to defense.
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Reagan Communique
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Appease China by decreasing weapons sales to Taiwan. Even though Congress had showed support to Taiwan through the Taiwan Relations Act.
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US Interests In China
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1. Economic partner
2. Strategic Power 3. NK influence 4. UN veto power |
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US Interests in Taiwan
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1. 8th largest trade partner
2. Democracy 3. Historical Ally 4. Balance China |
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Smoot-Hawley
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Congress gave president power to lower tariffs, but Congress still has more power
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GATT
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1. Liberalize markets
2. Free Trade |
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Adam Smith: Benefits of Free Trade
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1. Competition
2. Efficiency 3. Mass production 4. Specialization 5. Both sides gain 6. Growth |
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Ricardo: Comparative Advantage
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Make what you're least bad at.
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Omnibus Trade Bill
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Reagan signed in exchange for the Uruguay Round
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Uruguay Round
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set of GATT negotiations trying to expand the GATT > agriculture, services, intellectual property rights
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Protectionist
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Most democrats and conservative republicans
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Free Trade
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Some democrats, moderate republicans
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Section 301
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Penalize companies who violate U.S. laws
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Super 301
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Penalize countries that violate laws.
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